Population dynamics, distribution and control of drosicha mealybug, Drosicha sp. (Homoptera: Coccidae) on willow tree (Salix wilhelmsiana) in district Skardu Gilgit-baltsitan, Pakistan
Paper Details
Population dynamics, distribution and control of drosicha mealybug, Drosicha sp. (Homoptera: Coccidae) on willow tree (Salix wilhelmsiana) in district Skardu Gilgit-baltsitan, Pakistan
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted at district Skardu Gilgit Baltistan during year 2014 to record the population dynamics, distribution, control measures and natural enemies associated with Drosicha mealybug on Willow tree (Salix wilhelmsiana). Sticky bands and gunny bag wrapping measures were applied in last week of February. Gunny bag wrappings along mud paste revealed that only 12.33 numbers of mealy bug across in 1st week and 71.76 numbers of mealy bug plant-1 were noted in 4th week March while untreated plants population of mealy bug noted after 1st week was 417.33 and 931 mealy bugs plant-1 after 4th week of March was recorded. Four pesticides Difenthuron, Confidence, Neem and Jozer were applied in month of June 2014 when infestation of mealy bug were highest data were taken after 24th ,48th ,72h ,1st week and 2nd week .Maximum mortality rates were observed after 72 hours by Jozer (Imadachlorpid +actameprid (20.0% 19.8% w/w) caused 47.013 % while Confidence, Neem and Difenthuron caused 11.117 ,4.380 and 6.89 % mortalities respectively. Statistically Jozer was significantly more effective than other three pesticides. Population trend of mealy bug with temperature were correlated and the data revealed that a positive significant correlation (p<0.005) was founded with this showed that temperature greatly affect the population and reproduction of mealy bug in Skardu. The natural enemies so for recorded during the studies were Green lace wing (Chrysoperlla cornea) and lady bird beetle (Sumnius vestitus).
Aijun Z, Divina A, Shyam S, Miguel SS, Rosa AF, James EO, Jerome AK, Jeffrey RA, Dale EM and Stephen LL. 2004. Sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, contains an unusual cyclobutanoid monopterpene. The National. Academy. of Sciences. USA. 101, 9601– 9606.
Ben DY. 1994. A Systematic Catalogue of the Mealybugs of the World. Intercept Limited, UK. Pp.68-86.
Chandra A, Bhat DPS and Singh KM.1991. Mechanical control of mango mealy bug, Drosicha mangiferae (Green) by tree trunk banding. Indian Journal of Entomology.53, 76-79.
Green EE . 1908. Remarks of Indian scale insects (Coccidae) part-III with a catalogue of all species hitherto recorded from the Indian continent. Memo Dept. Agriculture. Indian. Entomology. Ser. 2, 15-46.
Haider K, Sayyed HA, Arif MJ, Ashfaq M and M Aslam. 2010. Integration of cultural and mechanical practices for management of the mango mealybug Drosicha mangiferae. Journal of Phytoparasit. 38, 223–229.
Haq KA and Akmal M. 1960. Mango mealy bug and its control Fruit Journal. 23, 199-202.
Hodgson CJ, Abbas G, Arif MJ, Saeed S and Karar H. 2008. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), a new invasive species attacking cotton in Pakistan and India, with a discussion on seasonal morphological variation. Zootaxa. 13, 1–33.
Ishaq M, Usman M, Muhammad A, Khan IA .2004.Integrated pest management of mango against mealybug and white fly. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology.6,452-455.
Karar H, Arif MJ, Sayyed HA, Ashfaq M and Aslam M. 2010. Comparative efficacy of new and old insecticides for the control of mango mealybug (Drosicha mangiferae G.) in mango orchards. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12, 443-446.
Pregner JJ and Ling PP. 2001. Green house condensation control,understanding and using vapor pressure difict.Fact sheet.(series) AEX-804-01.OHIO state university.
Saeed S, Ahmad M and Kown YJ. 2007. Insecticidal control of the mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a new pest of cotton in Pakistan Journal of Entomology Research.37, 76–80.
Sutherst RW and Maywald GF. 2005. A climate model of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Implications for invasion of new regions, particularly Oceania. Environmental Entomology. 34, 317-335.
Sutherst RW. 2007. Prediction of species geographical ranges. Journal of Biogeography. 30, 805–816.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH and Dickey DA. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, 3rd Ed. WCB McGraw Hill Co. Inc., USA.
Tanwar RK, Jayskumar P and Dunga S. 2007. Mealybug and their management technical bulletin. National Integrated Pest management New Dehli. pp.19.
Williams DJ. 1985. Australian Mealy bugs, British Museum (Natural History) London, United Kingdom. Journal of Fauna New Zealand.11, 78-80.
Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi, Sajjad Ahmed, Kamran Sohail,Muhammad Akbar,Farida Begum, Ghulam Raza, Muhammad Ali, Saleem Jaffar (2015), Population dynamics, distribution and control of drosicha mealybug, Drosicha sp. (Homoptera: Coccidae) on willow tree (Salix wilhelmsiana) in district Skardu Gilgit-baltsitan, Pakistan; JBES, V6, N3, March, P265-271
https://innspub.net/population-dynamics-distribution-and-control-of-drosicha-mealybug-drosicha-sp-homoptera-coccidae-on-willow-tree-salix-wilhelmsiana-in-district-skardu-gilgit-baltsitan-pakistan/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0