Predictability of predicted HRmax in Black Africans

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/11/2013
Views (1368)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Predictability of predicted HRmax in Black Africans

John O. Ogedengbe, Olorunshola V. Kolawole, Olufunke Onaadepo, Babatunde A. Adelaiye
Int. J. Biosci. 3(11), 57-62, November 2013.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2013; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

HRmax is the heart rate that can be attained after maximum exertion. It is an index of the amount of stress the heart can take during exercise. For safety reason, it is usually predicted and reduced to a certain percentage when prescribing exercise. 220 – age and 208 – 0.7 x age are the common formulae used to predict HRmax. This study, using 40 young adults (22 male & 18 female) between the ages of 18-30 years, aims to validate the predictability of these formulae. They were subjected to maximum exertion on bicycle ergometer and the maximum heart rate measured. We then calculated the predicted HRmax and compare with the measured HRmax. The findings revealed that the measured HRmax is 135.70 ±3.80, Predicted HRmax using 220 – age is 197.83 ±0.45 and using 208 – 0.7 x age is 192.48 ±0.31. The 85% of Predicted HRmax, commonly used as submaximal HRmax was found to be 168.15 ±0.38. All these are significantly raised above the HRmax. The prediction error was found to be between 32 and 62 beats/minute (b/min) which is far above the acceptable 11 b/min. We then used 70% of Predicted HRmax and got means of 138.23 ±0.39 and prediction error of 3 b/min. In conclusion, caution should be taken in using these predictions and if we must, then we recommend values much below 85% Predicted HRmax; most especially in the elderly black Africans.

ACSM. 2000. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Baltimore, MD, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Atwal S, Porter J, Macdonald P. 2002. Cardiovascular effects of strenuous exercise in adult recreational hockey: the Hockey Heart Study. Canadian Medical Association Journal 166, 303-307.

Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Timothy Bricker J, Chaitman BR, Fletcher GF, Froelicher VF, Mark DB, Mccallister BD, Mooss AN, O’Reilly MG, Winters JRWL, Antman EM, Alpert JS, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gregoratos G, Hiratzka L. F, Jacobs AK, Russell RO, Smith Jr SC. 2002. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article: A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee to update the 1997 exercise testing guidelines). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40, 1531-1540.

Hofmann P, Pokan R, Seibert FJ, Zweiker R, Schmid P. 1997. The heart rate performance curve during incremental cycle ergometer exercise in healthy young male subjects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 29, 762-768.

Hofmann P, Von Duvillard SP, Seibert FJ, Pokan R, Wonisch M, Lemura LM Schwaberger G. 2001. % HRmax target heart rate is dependent on heart rate performance curve deflection. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 1726-1731.

Lindhorst J, Alexander NJB, Rayner B. 2007. Differences in hypertension between blacks and whites: an overview. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa 18, 241-7.

McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL (Eds). 1994. Essentials of Exercise Physiology, Philadelphia, Lea and Febger.

Pokan R, Enne R, Hofmann P. 1998a. Performance diagnostics in aging women and men. International Journal of Sport Medicine 19.

Pokan R, Hofmann P, Von Duvillard SP. 1998b. The heart rate performance curve and left ventricular function during exercise in patients after myocardial infarction. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30, 1475-1480.

Robert AR, Roberto L. 2002. THE SURPRISING HISTORY OF THE “HRmax=220-age” EQUATION. Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline 5.

Swain DP, Abernathy KS, Smith CS, Lee SJ, Bunn SA. 1994. Target heart rates for the development of cardiorespiratory fitness. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26, 112-116.

Tanaka H, Desouza CA, Jones PP, Stevenson ET, Davy KP, Seals DR. 1997. Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women. Journal of Applied Physiology 83, 1947-53.

Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Seals DR. 2001. Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 37, 153-156.

Related Articles

Yield performance assessment of different mustard cultivars under field conditions

Md. Khan Jahan Ali, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Kamrun Nahar, Sharmin Ara Jannat, Mst. Khadija Khatun, Sushan Chowhan, Md. Habibur Rahman, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 277-282, August 2025.

Species composition of xylomicobiota of some woody plants distributed in Azerbaijan

K. F. Bakhshaliyeva, V. Y. Hasanova, N. R. Namazov, B. N. Aliyeva, S. C. Garayeva, S. E. Nagiyeva, P. Z. Muradov, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 267-276, August 2025.

Perception of producers and processors on sorghum diversity in the context of climate change in center and Northern Benin

Parfait Segla Alohoutade1,2,3, Alphonse Sako Avocefohoun*1,2,3, Sènan Vodouhe2, Mohamed Kanazoe1,2,3, Nicodème Chabi1, Lamine Said Baba-Moussa3, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 256-266, August 2025.

Implications of aberrant glycosylation on age-related disease progression

Tahmid Ahmad Patwary, Mukramur Rahman, Md. Nafis Fuad Prottoy, Sayad Md. Didarul Alam, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 243-255, August 2025.

Epizootic status and eradication of parasitic diseases in brown bears transferred to the rehabilitation center in Azerbaijan

Siala İ. Rustamova, Aygun A. Azizova, Gular R. Mammadova, Ramin S. Mammadov, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 236-242, August 2025.

Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Annona squamosa (Atis) crude leaf extract against A549 (Human Lung Adenocarcinoma) cell line

Ashton U. Lim, Noricel U. Garcia, Alkauzar H. Tantong, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 226-235, August 2025.

Perceptions of stakeholders towards sheep and goat dairy products in Benin

Yvette Adje, Philippe Sessou, Aretas Tonouhewa, Paulin Azokpota, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Souaïbou Farougou, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 211-225, August 2025.

Medicinal plants sold in Daloa markets: Traditional knowledge and Public health issues

Kouakou Yao Bertin, Kouakou Assoman Serge Alain, Kouame Yao Anicet Gervais, Malan Djah François, Bakayoko Adama, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 200-210, August 2025.