Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to sodium chloride concentrations at early growth stages
Paper Details
Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to sodium chloride concentrations at early growth stages
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of NaCl concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Laboratory and pot experiments were conducted in 2014 using maize seeds obtained from Ministry of Agriculture Central Darfur State, Sudan. Ten seeds were germinated in Petri dishes containing filter paper of 9cm diameter, whereas in the pot experiment, five healthy seeds were allowed to germinate in plastic pots containing loamy soil. Treatments comprised of control (distilled water), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2% of sodium chloride (Na Cl). Treatments were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications. Data recorded for the both experiments were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Least Significant Differences (LSD) method was used to test differences between treatments means at 5% and 1% probability levels. Results of the laboratory experiment showed that the number of germinated seeds was significantly affected by salinity level, especially by the higher salt concentration. Final germination percentage and seedling vigor index decreased with increasing salinity level. The highest seed germination percentage (97.5%) and seedling vigor index (2.49) were found with the control (0% NaCl) and the lower seed germination percentage (22.5) and seedling vigor index (0.05) were found with 2% concentration. Results indicated that the plumule length decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) as concentration of NaCl increased. The radical length followed the same trend of the plumule length, it was decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) as NaCl increased. Results of statistical analysis of pot experiments revealed that salinity made highly significant effects (p ≤ 0.01) for the investigated traits. It was observed that the highest seed germination percentage (95%), seedling vigor index (23.3), plumule length (24.7 cm), radical length (26.2 cm) plumule fresh and dry weights ( 1.95 & 0.24 g/plant ) and radical fresh and dry weights ( 1.66 &0.203 g/plant ) were observed in 0%NaCl (control). No seeds germinated in the 1% and above NaCl treatments.
Abd El-Samad H, Shadadd MAK. 2013. The Response Strategy of Maize, Pea and Broad Bean Plants to Different Osmotic Potential Stress. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry 93, 240-250.
AhmedFE El, Hag HE. 1999. Effect of Watering Intervals on Yield and Yield Components of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars Grown in Summer and Winter. University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7, 20-33.
Ali SAM, Idris AY, Abo MSA. 2014. Effect of Salinity on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Journal of Plant and Pest Science 1, 01-08.
Arslan M, Cengiz E, Sadık C. 2013. Effects of NaCl concentrations on germination and early seedling growth of silage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties on different textured soils. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 11, 474-476.
Awad M,Samir GA , FathyS E. 2014. Effect of Soil Salinity at Germination and Early Growth Stages of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 1, 47-53.
Ayres RS, Westcot DW. 1985. Water quality for agriculture. FAO. Cited by: Khatoon, T.; Khalid, H.;
Abdul Majeed, K.N. and Nisar, F.M. (2010). Morphological Variations in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Different Levels of NaCl at Germinating Stage. World Applied Sciences 8, 1294-1297.
Azevedo Neto AD, Prisco JT, Eneas-Filho J, Abreu CEB, Filho EG. 2006. Effect of salt stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive maize genotypes. Environment Experment in Bototany 56, 87-94.
Carpici EB, Celık N, Bayram G. 2009. Effects of salt stress on germination of some maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology 8, 19.
FAO. 2005. Global Network on Integrated Soil Management for Sustainable Use of Salt Affected Soils, FAO Land and Plant Nutrient Management Service.
Farsiani A, Ghobadi ME. 2009. Effects of PEG and NaCl Stress on Two Cultivars of Corn (Zea mays L.) at Germination and Early Seedling Stages. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 3, 362-365.
Gomez KA, Gomz AA. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
Gharoobi B, Ghorbani M, Ghasemi Nezhad M. 2012. Effects of different levels of osmotic potential on germination percentage and germination rate of barley, corn and canola. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology 2, 413‐417.
Ibne Hoque MM, Zheng J, Wang G. 2014. Impact of Salinity Stress on Seed Germination Indices of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes. Kragujevac Journal Science 36, 155-166.
Idris AE, Abuali AI. 2011. Genetic variability for vegetative and yield traits in maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science 1, 408-411.
Ilori OO, Baderinwa-Adejumo AO, Ilori OJ. 2012. Effects of salt stress on the germination, water content and seedling growth of Zea mays L. International Journal of Water and Soil Resources Research 3, 20-25.
Khatoon T, Khalid H, Abdul Majeed KN, Nisar FM. 2010. Morphological Variations in Maize (Zea mays L.) Under Different Levels of NaCl at Germinating Stage. World Applied Sciences Journal 8, 1294-1297.
Khodarahmpour Z. 2013. Effects of Salinity Stress on Germination Indices of Two Maize Inbred Lines. Scientific Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding 1, 1-7.
Khodarahmpour Z, Mansour I, Mohammad M. 2012. Effects of NaCl salinity on maize (Zea mays L.) at germination and early seedling stage. African Journal of Biotechnology 11, 298-304.
Maas EV, Hoffman GJ, Chaba GD, Poss JA, Shannon MC. 1986. Salt sensitivity of corn at various growth stages. Irrigation Science 4, 45-57.
Mirosavljević M, Petar Č, Mihajlo Ć, Aleksandra N, Dragana Đ, Miloš R. 2013. Maize Germination Parameters and Early Seedlings Growth under Different Levels of Salt Stress. Ratar. Povrt. 50(1).
Munns R, Tester M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance, Annual Review of Plant Biology 59, 651– 681.
Radić V, Beatović D, Jelena M. 2007. Salt Tolerance of Corn Genotypes (Zea mays L.) During Germination and Later Growth. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 52, 115-120.
Szabolcs I. 1994. Soils and salinization. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. Ed. M. Pessarakali. 3-11. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Sozharajan R, Natarajan S. 2014. Germination and seedling growth of Zea mays L. under different levels of sodium chloride stress. International Letters of Natural Sciences 7, 5-15.
USDA-NRCS. 2011. TN-Agronomy-11-1-AZ, Crop Tolerance and Yield Potential of Selected Crops as Influenced by Irrigation Water Salinity (ECw) or Soil Salinity (ECe). Technical Notes, Arizona.
Zhu JK. 2001. Plant salt tolerance: regulatory pathway, genetic improvement and model systems. Trends Plant Science 6, 66-71.
Y. Abdellatif Idris, Siddig A.M. Ali (2015), Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to sodium chloride concentrations at early growth stages; IJAAR, V6, N4, April, P68-74
https://innspub.net/response-of-maize-zea-mays-l-to-sodium-chloride-concentrations-at-early-growth-stages/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0