Sensitivity of Fusarium spp. infecting tomato in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to thiophanate methyl
Paper Details
Sensitivity of Fusarium spp. infecting tomato in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to thiophanate methyl
Abstract
Many constraints affect productivity and quality of tomato, the most important being an array of fungal and bacterial diseases. Fusarium wilt is present in all growing areas of KP, infecting tomato at different growth stages from vegetative growth up to fruit harvesting. This work aimed at determining the sensitivity of different pathogenic populations of F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. solani and unknown Fusarium spp. isolates to thiophanate methyl an active ingredient in many broad spectrum fungicides used for Fusarium wilt of tomato. Fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased tomato collected in commercial fields at the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Twenty nine different isolates obtained from different areas were grown on PDA medium amended with increasing dosages and the effective concentration reducing the mycelial growth of isolates were determined. From the results it was observed that isolates of F. equiseti was most resistant to the thiophanate methyl even at highest concentration with average percent inhibition 68. 49% followed by average percent inhibition 72.48% for F. solani. However, most sensitive strain was F. graminearum with average percent inhibition 45.42% even at lowest concentration. We reported that thiophanate methyl is an effective fungicide against F. equiseti, F. solani, F. graminearum and unknown spp. of Fusarium, associated with tomato wilt in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, however due to resistance in some isolates of F. equiseti the fungicide should be used in combination with other broad spectrum fungicide for management of the disease, to avoid resistance build up in pathogen population against the fungicide.
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