Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and buffalo of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Paper Details
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and buffalo of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed protozoan parasite. This study was performed to find out the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and buffalo in District Charsadda. A total of 270 samples 127 from buffalo and 143 from sheep were collected and examined by latex agglutination test. Out of 127 buffalo 22(17.32%) were detected seropositive for Toxoplasmosis and out of 143 sheep 58(40.55%) were found seropositive. In sheep, a high seroprevalence rate of (46.42%) was obtained in age group of above 03 years while in buffalo; the highest seroprevalence rate of (19.04%) was detected in age group above 04 years. In sheep the seroprevalence rate was higher in female (49.23%) as compared to male (33.33%). In buffalo the seroprevalence rate was higher in female (19.45%) as compared to male (11.11%). The present study shows that the prevalence in sheep and buffalo is higher in District Charsadda, which is a risk factor for human infection. Therefore, proper control measure should be taken to avoid infection of Toxoplasmosis.
Abutarbush SM. 2010. Veterinary medicine—a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 51(5), 541.
Abutarbush SM. 2010. Veterinary medicine—a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 51(5), 541.
Acha PN, Szyfres B. 2003. Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals (Vol. 580). Pan American Health Org.
Al-Husseeiny S. 2009. An investigation of sheep Toxoplasmosis in Basra province/ Iraq (Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc. Thesis. College of Veterinary Med. Univ. of Basra).
Amin S, Ur Rahman S, Hussain I, Muhammad G. 2013. Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae among Sheep from Different Districts of Baluchistan, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 15(5).
Barakat AMA, Elaziz MA, Fadaly HA. 2009. Comparative diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in Egyptian small ruminants by indirect hemagglutination assay and Elisa. Global Veterinaria 3(1), 9-14.
Bravo TC. 2005. Toxoplasmosis: Reemergent parasite of the new millenium. Revista Latinoamericana de Patología Clínica y Medicina de Laboratorio 52(3), 151-162.
Buxton D. 1998. Protozoan infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp.) in sheep and goats: recent advances. Veterinary research 29(3-4), 289-310.
Dubey JP. 2010. Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): prevalence, clinical disease, diagnosis and public health significance. Zoonoses and Public Health 57(1), 60-73.
Gondim LP, Barbosa Jr HV, Ribeiro Filho CHA, Saeki H. 1999. Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in goats, sheep, cattle and water buffaloes in Bahia State, Brazil. Veterinary parasitology 82(4), 273-276.
Hill SL, Cheney JM, Taton-Allen GF, Reif JS, Bruns C, Lappin MR. 2000. Prevalence of enteric zoonotic organisms in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 216(5), 687-692.
Prelezov P, Koinarski V, Georgieva D, 2008. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among sheep and goats in the Stara Zagora region. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 11(2), pp.113-119.
Ramzan M, Akhtar M, Muhammad F, Hussain I, Hiszczyńska-Sawicka E, Haq AU, Hafeez MA. 2009. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan. Tropical Animal Health and Production 41(7), 1225.
Razzak AH, Wais SA, Saeid AY. 2005. Toxoplasmosis: the innocent suspect of pregnancy wastage in Duhok, Iraq.
Schares G, Vrhovec MG, Pantchev N, Herrmann DC, Conraths FJ. 2008. Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia hammondi oocysts in the faeces of cats from Germany and other European countries. Veterinary Parasitology 152(1-2), 34-45.
Shaapan RM, El-Nawawi FA, Tawfik MAA. 2008. Sensitivity and specificity of various serological tests for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in naturally infected sheep. Veterinary parasitology 153(3-4), 359-362.
Shah M, Zahid M, Asmat P, Alam A, Sthanadar A. 2013. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats and sheep of district Mardan, Pakistan. Int J Biosci 7(7), 90-97.
Swai ES, Kaaya JE. 2012. A survey of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by latex agglutination assay in dairy goats in Northern Tanzania. Tropical animal health and production 45(1), 211-217.
Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. 2000. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. International journal for parasitology 30(12-13), 1217-1258.
Wu SM, Zhu XQ, Zhou DH, Fu BQ, Chen J, Yang JF, Ye DH. 2011. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in household and stray cats in Lanzhou, northwest China. Parasites & vectors 4(1), 214.
Yang HJ, Jin KN, Park YK, Hong SC, Bae JM, Lee SH, Nam HW. 2000. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the residents of Cheju island, Korea. The Korean journal of parasitology 38(2), 91.
Abid Kamal, Jalal Ud Din, Atif Kamil, Muhammad Taimur Khan, Hira Bibi, Arab Hussain, Ahmad Yar, Shah Faisal, 2019. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and buffalo of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Int. J. Biosci., 14(3), 482-487.
Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.