Spatial distribution and pollution source (s) apportionment in adjacent tributaries of River Panjkora

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Research Paper 01/05/2018
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Spatial distribution and pollution source (s) apportionment in adjacent tributaries of River Panjkora

Muhammad Haya Khan, Nisar Muhammad, Mohammad Nafees, Salman Khan, Ubaid Ullah
J. Bio. Env. Sci.12( 5), 390-402, May 2018.
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Abstract

Water quality degradation in river systems has caused great concerns all over the world. Identifying the spatial distribution and sources of water pollutants is the very first step for efficient water quality management. A set of water samples collected bimonthly at 6 monitoring sites during 2013. The samples were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of critical parameters with the objective to apportion the sources of pollutants in tributaries of Panjkora River of summer season in the North East Pakistan. For this 6 monitoring sites were divided into three administrative zones of rural, suburban, and urban zones. Multivariate statistical methods [Kruskal-Wallis (H test), principal component analysis (PCA), and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) methods] were used to investigate the spatial distribution of water quality and to apportion the pollution sources. Results showed that most water quality parameters had shown significant difference among different zones. The urban and suburban zones, showed worse water quality than the rural zone. Based on PCA and APCS-MLR analysis, natural pollution source and geogenic pollution with rural domestic sewage, soil weathering and subsequent run-off pollution with domestic sewage, and commercial service, were identified to as main pollution sources. Understanding the water pollution characteristics of different administrative zones could put insights into effective water management policy making especially in the area across various administrative zones.

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