Species composition and diversity in a natural and reforested mangrove forests in Panguil Bay, Mindanao, Philippines
Paper Details
Species composition and diversity in a natural and reforested mangrove forests in Panguil Bay, Mindanao, Philippines
Abstract
Mangroves are recognized as one of the richest ecosystems worldwide. Despite their importance and the efforts to preserve and protect these ecosystems, threats are still prevalent. Thus, in order to contribute in the preservation and protection of the remaining mangrove ecosystems, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the species composition and diversity of the natural mangrove forest in Barangay Matampay Bucana and the reforested mangrove forest in Barangay Mukas in Panguil Bay. This inventory is a benchmark study to determine the biodiversity of the mangrove species in both sites. It is then implied that any change in species composition and diversity may be attributed to human intervention. Transect-quadrat method was employed in gathering the data. A 100% inventory of mangrove species inside each 10x10m quadrat was done. Species composition data revealed ten true mangrove species and three mangrove associates. It was found that the natural forest hosts eight true mangrove species while the reforested forest have only five true mangrove species but it also host three mangrove associates. There are three species common to the two forests namely; Avicennia alba, Bruguiera parviflora and Rhizophora mucronata. The study also revealed that the reforested forests has slightly higher diversity index than of the natural forests. However, the two forests are classified as very low in diversity index according to categories classified by Fernando (1998). The differences in composition and diversity of each forest were attributed to the type of forests- natural and reforested, and to their geographical location.
Brown WH, Fischer AF. 1920. Philippine mangrove swamps. In: Brown, W.H. (Ed.), Minor Products of Philippine Forests I. Bureau of Printing, Manila p. 125.
Cudiamat MA, Rodriguez RA. 2017. Abundance, Structure, and Diversity of Mangroves in a Community-Managed Forest in Calatagan, Batangas, Verde Island Passage, Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 5(3), 27-33.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). nd. List of Migratory Bird Monitoring Sites/Wetland Sites. Retrieved on April 20, 2019 from http://r10.denr.gov.ph/ index.php /support-services/protected-areas-wildlife-and-coastal -zone-mgmt-service
Dethier MN, McDonald K, Strathmann RR. 2003. Colonization and Connectivity of Habitat Patches for Coastal Marine Species Distant from Source Populations. Conservation Biology 17(4), 1024-1035.
Dickson JO. 1987. Panguil Bay, Philippines – the cause of its over-exploitation and suggestions for its rehabilitation. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Quezon City Philippines. Food and Agriculture Organization p. 218-234.
Duke NC. 1992. Mangrove floristics and biogeography. In: Robertson AI and Alongi DM, (Eds.), Tropical mangrove ecosystems. Coastal and estuarine studies 41: American Geological Union, Washington, DC, USA p. 63-100.
Ellison AM, Farnsworth EJ. 1996. Anthropogenic disturbance to Caribbean mangrove ecosystems: Past impacts, present trends and future predictions.
Biotropica 28 (4A), 549-565.
Ellison J, Koedam NE, Wang Y, Primavera J, Jin Eong O, Wan-Hong Yong J, Ngoc Nam V. 2010. Excoecaria agallocha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010. Retrieved on May 07, 2019 from IUCN website.
Fernando ES. 1998. Forest formations and flora of the Philippines: Handout in FBS 21. College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines at Los Baños (Unpublished).
Garcia K, Gevaña DT, Malabrigo P. 2013. Philippines Mangrove Ecosystem: Status, Threats, and Conservation. In: Ibrahim, F.H., Latiff, A., Hakeem, K.R. & Ozturk, M. (Eds.), Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia: Status, Threats, and Conservation. Springer, New York p. 81-94.
Gevaña DT, Pampolina NM. 2009. Plant diversity and carbon storage of a Rhizophora stand in Verde Passage, San Juan, Batangas, Philippines. Journal of Environmental and Management 12(2), 1-10.
Israel DC, Adan EY, Lopez NF, Castro JC. 2004. Perceptions of Fishermen Households on the Long-Term Impact of Coastal Resources Management in Panguil Bay. Philippine Journal of Development 31, 107-134.
Kathiresan K, Bingham BL. 2001. Biology of Mangroves and Mangrove Ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40, 81-251.
Kauffman JB, Heider C, Cole TG, Dwire KA, Donato DC. 2011. Ecosystem carbon stocks of Micronesian mangrove forests. Wetlands 31, 343-352.
Kovacs K, Polasky S, Nelson E, Keeler BL, Pennington D, Plantinga AJ, Taff SJ. 2013. Evaluating the Return in Ecosystem Services from Investment in Public Land Acquisitions. PLoS ONE 8(6).
Lacerda LD, Conde JE, Kjerfve B, Alvarez-Leon R, Alarcon C, Polania J. 2002. American mangroves. In: Lacerda LD (Ed.), Mangrove Ecosystems: Function and Management. Springer, Verlag, Berlin p. 12-13.
Long J, Napton D, Giri C, Graesser J. 2014. A mapping and monitoring assessment of the Philippines’ mangrove forests from 1990 to 2010. Journal of Coastal Research 30, p. 268.
McKee KL, Cahoon DR, Feller IC. 2007. Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea level through biotic controls on change in soil elevation. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16(5), 545-556.
McLeod E, Salm RV. 2006. Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland p. 64.
Middeljans M. 2015. The species composition of the mangrove forest along the Abatan River in Lincod, Maribojoc, Bohol, Philippines and the mangrove forest structure and its regeneration status between managed and unmanaged Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb). Unpublished.
Oldfield SF. 2018. Trends in Biodiversity, Plants. Elsevier 3, 145-150.
Parani M, Lakshmi M, Senthilkumar P. 1998. Molecular phylogeny of mangroves V. Analysis of genome relationships in mangrove species using RAPD and RFLP markers. Theoritical Applied Genetics 97, 617-625.
Philippine – Light Detection and Ranging (PHiL-LiDAR). 2015. Mangrove cover data. Retrieved on April 28, 2019 from Political Boundary Map of PhilGis DENR-NAMRIA.
Primavera JH, Sadaba RB, Lebata MJHL, Altamirano JP. 2004. Handbook of Mangroves in the Philippines – Panay. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department (Philippines) and UNESCO Man and the Biosphere ASPACO Project p. 106.
Ragavan P, Saxena A, Mohan PM, Jarayaj RSC, Ravichandran K. 2015. Taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) in mangroves of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Biodiversitas 16(2), 225-237.
Republic of the Philippines. nd. A national wetland action plan. Retrieved on April 20, 2019 from the website of The Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands, Inc p. 31.
Rivera RR, Mino SA, Lapinig VT. 2016. Population Diversity of Mangrove Species in Panguil Bay, Philippines. Journal of Higher Education Research Disciplines 1(1), 9-14.
Roldan RG, Muñoz JC, Razon III JA. 2010. A field guide on the mangroves of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Sustainable Management of Coastal Resources in Bicol and Caraga Region p. 78.
Samson M, Rollon RN. 2008. Growth performance of planted mangroves in the Philippines: revisiting forest management strategies. Ambio 37(4), 234-240.
Shannon CE, Weaver WW. 1963. The mathematical theory of communications. University of Illinois Press, Urbana p. 117.
Sinfuego KS, Buot IE. 2008. Floristic composition and analysis of the true mangrove vegetation in the Philippine Islands. Journal of Nature Studies 7(2), 83-90.
Spalding MD, Blasco E, Field CD. Eds. 1997. World Mangrove Altas. The International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, Okinawa, Japan p. 178.
Tumanda MI. 2004. Panguil Bay: Change over time in fisheries. In DA-BFAR (Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources), In: turbulent seas: The status of Philippine marine fisheries. Coastal Resource Management Project, Cebu City, Philippines p. 378.
Valiela I, Bowen JL, York JK. 2001. Mangrove Forests: One of the World’s Most Threatened Major Tropical Environments. BioScience 51(10), 807-815.
Psyche Karren Ann S Osing, Manuel Anthony P Jondonero, Peter D Suson, Jaime Q Guihawan, Ruben F Amparado Jr, 2019. Species composition and diversity in a natural and reforested mangrove forests in Panguil Bay, Mindanao, Philippines. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 15(3), 88-102.
Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.