Supplementation of L-carnitine under varying photoperiod regimes improved production performance of broiler chickens

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/09/2017
Views (286) Download (7)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Supplementation of L-carnitine under varying photoperiod regimes improved production performance of broiler chickens

Jay P. Picardal
Int. J. Biosci.11( 3), 249-259, September 2017.
Certificate: IJB 2017 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

The role of photoperiod in support of specific nutrient supplementation has been investigated to maximize growth, improve net gain and better feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens. Despite some advances, the relationship between restricted photoperiod and fat-burning feed supplements has not been fully explored in recent years. This study investigated the effects of 200 ppm L-carnitine and photoperiod on the production performance of broilers (12-day old, n=60). A 2×2 factorial design in RCBD was carried out to produce four treatment groups (15 replicates / group); T1 = 16 hours light:8 hours dark without L-carnitine, T2 = 16L:8D with L-carnitine, T3 = 8L:16D with L-carnitine and T4 = 8L:16D without L-carnitine. At 42 days, the highest weight was observed in T2 (2.090kg), while the lowest FCR was reported in T1 (2.40). Overall, there were slight differences between treatments in terms of body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) but were insignificant (p<0.05) to be attributed to interaction effects of L-carnitine and photoperiod. The study concluded that supplementation of L-carnitine improved production performance as evidenced by higher body weight and low FCR while % abdominal fat was lower than the unsupplemented group. It can also be deduced that the photoperiod of 16L:8D was the better regime, as evidenced by the better production performance of broiler chickens. Farmers may supplement feeds with 200 ppm or 0.02% (200 mg/L drinking water) of L-carnitine and adopt a photoperiod regime of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark period to hasten optimum productivity.

VIEWS 4

Abbas AO, El-Dein AA, Desoky AA, Galal MA. 2008. The effects of photoperiod programs on broiler chicken performance and immune response. International Journal of Poultry Science 7(7), 665-671.

Apeldoorn EJ, Schrama JW, Mashaly MM, Parmentier HK. 1999. Effect of melatonin and lighting schedule on energy metabolism in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 78(2), 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.2.223

Brass EP. 2000. Supplemental carnitine and exercise. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72(2), 6185-235. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.2.618S

Brass EP, Hiatt WR. 1998. The role of carnitine and carnitine supplementation during exercise in man and in individuals with special needs. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 17(3), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1998.10718750

Buckland RB. 1974. The effect of intermittent lighting programs on the production of market chickens and turkeys. Poultry Science 31, 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19750019

Buyse J, Janssens GP, Decuypere E. 2001. The effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on the performance, organ weights and circulating hormone and metabolite concentrations of broiler chickens reared under a normal or low temperature schedule. British Poultry Science 42(2), 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120048492

Campbell N. 1996. Biology. 4th Ed. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company Inc. CA, USA.1206 p.

Classen HL. 2004. Day length affects performance, health and condemnations in broiler chickens. Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Society, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.

Classen HL, Riddell C. 1989. Photoperiodic effects on performance and leg abnormalities in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 68(7), 873-879. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0680873

Classen HL, Riddell C, Robinson FE. 1991. Effects of increasing photoperiod length on performance and health of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 32(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669108417324

De Beer M, Coon CN. 2006. The effect of increased protein intake during the starter and prebreeder periods on reproductive performance of ultra-high yield broiler breeder hens. International Journal of Poultry Science 5(9), 812-821.

Elrom K. 2000. Handling and Transportation of Broilers; Welfare, stress. Fear and meat quality 55(1).

Esposti D, Mariani M, Demartini G, Lucini V, Fraschini F, Mancia M. 1994. Modulation of melatonin secretion by acetyl‐L‐carnitine in adult and old rats. Journal of Pineal Research 17(3), 132-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1994.tb00124.x

Gillespie JR. 1995. Modern Livestock and Poultry Production.5th Ed. International Thomson Publishing Company.

Gordon SH. 1994. Effects of daylength and increasing daylength programmes on broiler welfare and performance. World’s Poultry Science Journal 50, 269-282.

Hagen TM, Liu J, Lykkesfeldt J, Wehr CM, Ingersoll RT, Vinarsky V, Bartholomew JC, Ames BN. 2002. Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(4), 1870-1875. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.261708898

Iossa S, Mollica MP, Lionetti L, Crescenzo R, Botta M, Barletta A, Liverini G. 2002. Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation differently influences nutrient partitioning, serum leptin concentration and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in young and old rats. The Journal of Nutrition 132(4), 636-642. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.4.636

Kita K, Kato S, Aman Yaman M, Okumura J, Yokota H. 2002. Dietary L-carnitine increases plasma protein insulin-like growth factor-l concentration in chicks fed a diet with adequate dietary protein level. British Poultry Science 43(1), 117-121.

Koelkebeck KW. 2001. Illini PoultryNet. The Online Resource for the Poultry Industry. Univ of Illinois Extension.

Lettner VF. 1992. Use of L-carnitine in the broiler ration. Bodenkultur 43, 161-167.

Lien TF, Horng YM. 2001. The effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcase traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid β-oxidation of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 42(1), 92-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/713655014

Muller DM, Seim M, Kiess W, Loster H, Richter T. 2002. Effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation on in vivo long chain fatty acid oxidation in healthy adults. Metabolism 51(11), 1389-1391. https://doi.org/10.1053/meta.2002.35181

Olanrewaju HA, Thaxton JP, Dozier WA, Purswell J, Roush WB, Branton SL. 2006. A review of lighting programs for broiler production. International Journal of Poultry Science 5(4), 301-8.

Olson AL, Nelson SE, Rebouche CJ. 1989. Low carnitine intake and altered lipid metabolism in infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 624-628. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/49.4.624

Oyedeji JO, Atteh JO. 2005. Effects of nutrient density and photoperiod on the performance and abdominal fat of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 4, 149-152.

Petek M, Sönmez G, Yildiz HÜ, Baspinar H. 2005. Effects of different management factors on broiler performance and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. British Poultry Science 46(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660400023821

Rabie MH, Szilagyi M, Gippert T. 1997a. Effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation and protein level on performance and degree of meatness and fatness of broilers. Acta Biologica Hungarica 48(2), 221-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03543192

Rabie MH, Szilagyi M, Gippert T, Votisky E, Gerendai D. 1997b. Influence of dietary L-carnitine on performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Acta Biologica Hungarica 48(2), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03543193

Rabie MH, Szilágyi M. 1998. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. British Journal of Nutrition 80(4), 391-400.

Renden JA, Bilgili SF, Lien RJ, Kincaid SA. 1991. Live performance and yields of broilers provided various lighting schedules. Poultry Science 70(10), 2055-2062. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0702055

Robbins KR, Adekunmisi AA, Shirley HV. 1984. The effect of light regime on growth and pattern of body fat accretion of broiler chickens. Growth 48, 269-277.

Rozenboim I, Robinzon B, Rosenstrauch A. 1999. Effect of light source and regimen on growing broilers. British Poultry Science 40(4), 452-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669987197

Sarica S, Corduk M, Kilinc K. 2005. The effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and composition of edible meat in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Journal of applied poultry research 14(4), 709-715. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.4.709

Schneider SH. 1989. Poultry Science and Technology Guide. Extension Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, USA.

Siegel HS. 1995. Stress, strains and resistance. British Poultry Science 36, 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669508417748

Thaxton JP, Puvadolpirod S. 2000. Model of Physiological stress in chickens 1. Response Paramters. Poult Sci; 79:363-369 In Olanrewaju HA (Ed). 2006. A Review of Lighting Programs for Broiler Production. International Journal of Poultry Science 5(4), 301-308.

Xu ZR, Wang MQ, Mao HX, Zhan XA, Hu CH. 2003. Effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition, and metabolism of lipids in male broilers. Poultry Science 82(3), 408-413. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.3.408

Zulkifli I, Rasedee A, Syaadoh O, Norma MT. 1998. Daylength effects on stress and fear responses in broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 11(6), 751-754. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1998.751