home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Toxicity and nutritional assessment of aqueous Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract in broiler chicks

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/06/2013
Views (407) Download (4)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Toxicity and nutritional assessment of aqueous Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract in broiler chicks

Onu Patience Nnenna, Aniebo Alphosius Okey
Int. J. Biosci.3( 6), 172-180, June 2013.
Certificate: IJB 2013 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Aqueous extractAzadirachta indicaBroilersHaematologyPerformance

Abstract

A study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity and effects of aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (ALE) on the performance, haematology and serum biochemistry parameters of broiler chicks. One hundred and forty four, seven-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments which contained 0, 20, 40 and 60ml ALE per litre of water representing T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively in a Completely Randomized Design experiment. Each treatment was replicated three times with five birds in each replicate. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in weight gain, feed and water intakes, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios among the treatment groups. Also no significant (P>0.05) effect was observed in the survival of birds treated with ALE and the control. ALE did exert any significant influence (P>0.05) on the haematological and serum indices of the birds. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that aqueous ALE could therefore, be used in broiler chicks production without any deleterious effect on the performance and blood indices of the birds.

VIEWS 10
Cover PDF

Aderemi FA. 2004. Effects of replacement of wheat bran with cassava root sieviate supplemented or unsupplemented with enzyme on the haematology and serum biochemistry of pullet chicks. Tropical Journal of Animal Science 7, 147- 153.

Aduku AO. 2004. Animal Nutrition in the tropics. Davcon Computers and Business, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria.

Aniebo AO, Erondu ES, Owen OJ. 2008a. Proximate composition of housefly larvae (Musca domestica) meal generated from mixture of cattle blood and wheat bran. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 20 (12)

Aniebo AO, Wekhe SN, Erondu ES, Owen OJ, Ngodigha EN, Isirimah NO. 2008b. Sustainable commercial maggot production (maggotry) for animal & aqua feeds in Rivers State, South South Nigeria. International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry 4(2), 197-205.

Aniecheonwu AE. 2010. The effect of Telferia occidentalis Fluted pumpkin leaf extract on the performance and haematology of broiler chicks. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 65:31-35.

Akpan MJ, Enyenihi GE, Obasi OL, Solomon IP, Udedibie ABI. 2008. Effects of dietary Neem leaf extract on the performance of laying hens. Proceedings of 33rd Annual Conference Nigerian Society Animal Production. p. 396-398.

Anon. 1980. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animal. Vol. 1. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. p. 85 – 90.

Anyaehie AA, Okorie KC. 2008. Effects of Mucuna prurience (L) DC Var utilis leaf meal diets on the performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler finishers. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal production

AOAC 1995. Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Official Method of Analysis 15th Edition. Washington D.C

Biu AA, Yusufu SD, Rabo JS. 2009. Studies on the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on haematological parameters in chicken. African Scientist 10(4), 189-192.

Chakarverty A, Parsad J. 1991. Study on the effect of Neem leaf extract and Neem and cake extract on the performance of broiler chicks. Indian Poultry Adviser. 24(9), 37-38.

Chattopadhyay RR. 1996. Possible mechanism of anti-hyperglycemic effects of Neem leaf extracts. Part IV. General Pharmacology 27, 431-434.

Chattopadhyay RR. Chattopadhyay RN, Maitra SK. 2000. Effects of neem on hepatic glycogen in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 25, 174-175

Church JP, Judd JT, Young CW, Kebay JL, Kim WW. 1984. Relationship among dietary constituents and specific serum clinical components of subjects eating self selected diets. Animal Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40, 1338-1344.

Durrani FR, Chand N Jan M, Sultan A, Durrani Z, Akhtar S. 2008. Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effects of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves infusion in broiler chicks. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 24(4), 655-659.

Esonu BO, Opara MN, Okoli IC, Obikaonu HO, Udedibie C, Iheshiulor OOM. 2006. Physiological responses of laying birds to Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal based diets, body weight, organ characteristics and hematology. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 2(4) http//www.ojhas.org/issue 18/2006-2-4.htm 2006.

Gowda SK, Verma SV, Elangovan AV and Singh SD. 1998. Neem (A. indica) kernel meal in the diet of White Leghorn layers. British Poultry Sciience 39(5), 648-52.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071669888520

Hackbarth H, Buron K, Schimansley G. 1983. Strain differences in inbred rats. Influence of strain and diet on haematological traits. Laboratory Animal 17, 7-12.

IACUC, Guidelines for the Care of and Use of Line Vertebrate Animals, 1998.

Jain   NC.   Veterinary   Hematology.   4th    edition. Baillere, Tindall 1986; 297.

Kabeh JD, Jalingo MGDSS. 2007. Mini review: Exploiting Neem (Azadirachta indica).resources for improving the quality of life in Taraba State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9(3), 530-532.

Kausik B, Ishita C, Ranajit KB, Uday B. 2002. Biological activities and medicinal properties of .Neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Science, 82(11), 1336-1345.

Kerr GR, Lee ES, Lam EK, Lorimor RJ, Randall E, Forthofer RN, Davis MA, Magnettism A. 1982. Relationships between dietary and biochemical measures of nutritional status. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, 294-308.

Khan TA, Zafar F. 2005. Haematological study in response to varying doses of estrogen in broiler chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science 4(10), 748-751.

Mafuvadze B, Erlwanger KH. 2007. The effect of EDTA, heparin and storage on the erythrocyte osmotic fragility, plasma osmolality and haematocrit of adult ostriches (Struthio camelus). Veterinarski Arhiv. 77(5), 427-434.

Makinde MO, Otesile EB, Fagbemi BO. 1991. Studies on the relation between energy levels and the severity of Trypanosoma brucei infection: The effect of diet and infection on blood plasma volumes and erythrocytes osmotic fragility on growing pigs. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 31, 161- 166.

Mitra R, Szezypel B, Perez A, Gonzale A, Estrada. 2000. Efficiency of Neem oil (A. indica A. Juss) in hens naturally infested with ectoparasites. Revista Cubana de Ciencia Avicola. 24(2), 125-131.\

Mitruka BN, Rawnsely H. 1997. Clinical Biochemical and hematological references value in normal experimental animals. New York Masan publishers, p. 171-174.

Muriu JI, Njoka-Njiri EN, Tuitoek JN, Nanua JN. 2002. Evaluation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as replacement of maize in the diet of growing rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Asian-Australisian Journal of Animal Science, 15, 565-569.

Nworgu FC. 2007. Economic importance and growth rate of broiler chickens served fluted pumpkin (Telferia occidentalis) leaves extract, African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(2), 167–174.

Nworgu FC, Ekemezie AAO, Ladele AO, Akinrolabu BM. 2007. Performance of broiler chickens served heat-treated fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) leaves extract supplement. African Journal of Biotechnology 6(6), 818-825.

Obi IU. 2002. Statistical Methods of Detecting Differences between Treatment Means and Research Methodology Issue in Laboratory and Field Experiments, A. P. Company, Nigeria.

Ogbuewu IP, Okoli IC, Iloeje MU. 2009. Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal on serum metabolite profiles of male rabbits. Revista UDO Agrícola 9(4), 986-991

Ogbuewu IP, Okoli IC and Iloeje MU 2010a. Evaluation of toxicological effects of leaf meal of an ethnomedicinal plant-neem on blood chemistry of puberal Chinchilla Rabbit does. Report and Opinion 2, 29-34.

Ogbuewu, IP, Uchegbu MC, Okoli IC and Iloeje MU. 2010b. Toxicological effects of leaf meal of ethnomedicinal plant-neem on serum biochemistry of crossbred New Zealand White typed rabbit bucks. Report and Opinion 2, 54-57.

Ogbuewu IP Odoemenam VU, Obikaonu HO, Opara MN, Emenalom OO, Uchegbu MC, Okoli IC, Esonu BO, Iloeje MU. 2011. The Growing Importance of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in Agriculture, Industry, Medicine and Environment: A Review. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 5, 230-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2011.230.245

Onu PN, Aniebo AO. 201!. Influence of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the performance and blood chemistry of starter broilers. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 1(1), 38-44.

Sadekar RD, Kolte AY, Barmase BS, Desai VF. 1998. Immune potentiating effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) dry leaves powder in broilers, naturally infected with IBD virus. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36(11), 1151-1153.

Sadre NL, Deshpande VY, Mendulkar KN, Nandal DH. 1984. Male anti-fertility activity of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) in different species. In: Schmutterer H and Ascher KRS. eds. Natural pesticides from the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica. A. Juss) and other tropical plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A. p. 473 – 482

SAS. 2000. Institute Inc. SAS Technical Report Package 234 SAS/STAT Software. The GEMOD Procedure. Release 6.09. SAS Institutes Inc. Cary, NC.USA.

Schalm OW, Jain NC, Carrol E. 1975. Veterinary haematology 3rd Edition Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia USA. p. 160 – 210.

Steel RGD, Torrie  JH. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. 2nd edition McGraw – Hill Book, Co; New York, USA.

Tipu MA, Pasha TN, Zulfaqar. 2002. Comparative effect of Salinomycine sodium and Neem fruit (A. indica) as feed additive anticoccidials in broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 1(4), 91-93.

Tripathi  MK,  Mondal  D,  Karim SA. 2008. Growth, haematology, blood constituents and immunological status of lambs fed graded levels of animal feed grade damaged wheat as substitute of maize. Journal of Animal Physiology and Nutrition 92: 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00712.x

Udedibie ABI, Opara CC. 1998. Responses of growing broilers and laying hens to the dietary inclusion of leaf meal from Alchorniacordifolia. Animal Feed Science and Technology 71, 157–164.

Verma SVS, Gowda SK, Elangovan AV. 1998. Response of single comb white leghorn layers to dietary inclusion of raw and alkali treated Neem kernel meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 76, 169-175.

Submit Manuscript