Toxicity of a fungicide based on a copper oxychloride in the presence of cadmium on snail (Helix aspersa) biomarkers
Paper Details
Toxicity of a fungicide based on a copper oxychloride in the presence of cadmium on snail (Helix aspersa) biomarkers
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid to the problem of soil contamination by heavy metals. Heavy metal pollutant toxicity to the environment has been gained from tests involving single pollutants. However, multiple metals commonly occur together and they may exert toxicity simultaneously. This work aim to evaluate the synergistic effect of Cadmium and a copper-based fungicide, on biomarker response of a gastropod, Helix aspersa. Cd and fungicide were ingested alone or mixed for 15, 30 and 90 days. After each period, Protein, Malonedialdehyde and Glutathione levels were measured in liver while acetylcholine esterase activity was assessed in brain. Obtained results showed that malonedialdehyde levels in the liver of treated snails increased compared to the corresponding control (from +66% to +230%). In addition, the highest increase was seen in snails treated with Cd + Fungicide (+330 and +230% at respectively day 30 and 90). Reduced glutathione content decreased in all treated groups (-34%, -25% and -22% at day 15, 30 and 90 for Cd and fungicide group) and the highest decrease (-43%) was observed at day 90 in snails treated with Cd + Fungicide. In addition, acetylcholine esterase activity also decreased in the three treatment groups (-13% to -63%) and the strongest decrease was seen in snails treated with Cd + Fungicide after 90 days (-63%). These results showed the appearance of oxidative stress, which was much more pronounced when the fungicide was combined with Cd. Based on these results, users of plant protection products are advised to be vigilant and cautious in order to avoid a possible cocktail effect.
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Khadidja Farfar, Mohamed El Hadi Khebbeb, Mohamed Reda Djebar (2018), Toxicity of a fungicide based on a copper oxychloride in the presence of cadmium on snail (Helix aspersa) biomarkers; JBES, V12, N4, April, P39-47
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