Water physico-chemical properties of the Khafjee and Jubail Sabkhas, Eastern Saudi Arabia

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/10/2018
Views (517) Download (40)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Water physico-chemical properties of the Khafjee and Jubail Sabkhas, Eastern Saudi Arabia

Sawsan Hussein Ahmed Karsani, Nayef S. D. AL-Shammari, Hatil Hashim EL-Kamali
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res.13( 4), 1-6, October 2018.
Certificate: IJAAR 2018 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

The present study deals with the physico-chemical characteristics of the water samples from Khafjee and Jubail sabkhas, Eastern Saudi Arabia. 20 samples were collected and analyzed. The values obtained were compared with values recommended in water quality standards by WHO. Water quality parameters such as pH, EC, TDS,D.O, turbidity and temperature in correlation with Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chlorides, Sulfates , Phosphates and Nitrates were analyzed. The results of Khafjee water show that the PH of water around the allowable WHO range of 7.85. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the water samples were in range from 5.54 to 143.9 µs/cm. The highest desirable level of EC at 25 C is 750 µs/cm (SLS,1983). Total dissolved solids (TDS) were in range of 3552 to 92096 mg/L. These values exceeded the maximum allowable limit of 250 mg/L for drinking water (WHO,1997). The presence of high amount of inorganic materials might have attributed for highest values of TDS in the water sampled. The turbidity values were ranged from 0.75 to 3.09 NTU at the water sampled. The Chloride value exceeded the maximum allowable limit at < 250 mg/L. All Phosphates and Nitrates concentrations in the water samples were within the permissible limits (< 250 mg/L) whereas Sulfates concentrations exceeded the allowable limit. The results of the Jubail water show that the PH of water samples range from 7.70 to 7.85. The PH remains within the allowable WHO range of 7.85. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the water samples were in range from 5.21 to 5.67 µs/cm. The highest desirable level of EC at 25 C is 750 µs/cm. The EC remains within the allowable SLS limit (SLS,1983). Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were in range of 3334.4 to 3628.8mg\L,these values exceeded the maximum allowable limit of 250 mg/L for drinking water (WHO,1996). The Turbidity values were ranged from 0.74 to 19.7 NTU at the water sampled. The chloride value exceeded the maximum allowable limit at < 250 mg/L. All Phosphates and Nitrates concentrations in the water samples were within the permissible limits (< 250 mg/L) whereas Sulfates concentrations exceeded the allowable limit.

VIEWS 48

Bashour II, Al-Mashhady AS, Parasad JD, Miller T, Mazroa M. 1983. Morphology and composition of some soils under cultivation in Saudi Arabia. Geoderma 29, 327-340.

Christian CS, Jennings JN, Twidale CR. 1957. Geomorphology. In Dickson, B.T. (Ed.), Arid Zone Research-IX. Guide Book to Research Data for Arid Zone Development, p 51}65. UNESCO.

El-Khatib. 1980. Seven Green Spikes. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

James AN, Little AL. 1994. Geotechnical aspects of sabkha at Jubail , Saudi Arabia. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 27, 83-121.

Shearman DJ. 1966. Origin of marine evaporites by diagenesis. Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Transactions Series B, 75, 208}215.

Sadiq M. 1992. Toxic Metal Chemistry in Marine Environments. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. Water Resources Department. 1988. Weather Atlas of Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Sri Lanka  Standards (SLS) for potable water. 1983. SLS.614.

Tek R. 2003. Desalting Handbook for planners. Third Edition. Technical Service Centre. Water treatment Engineering and Research Group. Bureau of Reclamation , USA.

Powers RW, Ramriez LF, Redmand CP, ELberg EL. 1966. Sedimentary geology of Saudi Arabia, USGS, Professional Paper, 560-D.Washington p 147.

WHO. 1996. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 2nd Ed. 2, WHO Geneva. Health Criteria and other supporting information. International Programme on chemical safety.

WHO. 2011. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Fourth Edition. World Health Organization.

Williams WD. 2001. Anthropogenic salinization of inland waters. Hydrobiology 466, 329-337.