Yield potential and adaptability of medium duration Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) genotypes in dry parts of North Rift Valley, Kenya
Paper Details
Yield potential and adaptability of medium duration Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) genotypes in dry parts of North Rift Valley, Kenya
Abstract
Pigeonpea is an important crop in Semi- Arid tropical and sub- tropical areas. Although it is reported to have wide adaptability to different climates and soils, 98.7% of its production in Kenya is concentrated mainly in three counties (Machakos, Kitui and Makueni) but remains neglected and underutilized in North Rift Valley. Therefore, sixteen elite genotypes from ICRISAT were evaluated for yield performance and adaptability. Also, the study looked at association between grain yield and its yield components. Field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times in three varied agro-ecological zones during long rain season of April-October 2014. Data was collected on grain yield, number of pods/plant, secondary branches, height at maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity, number of seeds/pod and 100 seed weight. The results revealed seven genotypes (ICEAPs 01147, 1147-1, 01159, 00911, 0979-1, 00850C and 1154-2) recording higher yields. Site variation was significant (P≤0.05) with Koibatek recording the highest average yield of 2.5 t/ha, Marigat (0.4 t/ha) and Fluorspar (0.2 t/ha). ICEAP 1147-1 was adaptable to all sites due to its vegetative growth of high branching and podding. This variety may therefore be selected for adaptability preference. Significant (P≤0.05) positive correlation was revealed between grain yield and number of pods/plant, secondary branches, height at maturity and 100 seed weight but negatively with 50% days to flowering. The results suggested pigeonpea yield potential in the studied sites hence, can be promoted to mitigate hunger and malnutrition.
Changaya AG. 2007. Development of high yielding pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan ) germplasm with resistance to Fusarium wilt ( Fusarium udum ) in Malawi(Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Chitra U, Singh U, Rao PV. 1996. Phytic acid, in vitro protein digestibility, dietary fiber, and minerals of pulses as influenced by processing methods. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 49(4), 307–316.
FAOSTAT. 2015. Pigeonpea production in Kenya 2000-2013.
ICRISAT IBPGR. 1993. Descriptors for pigeonpea(Cajanus canjan(L.) Millsp.).International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, Italy; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India.
Jaetzold R, Schmidt H. 1983. Farm Management Handbook of Kenya Vol. II – Natural Conditions and Farm Management Information. Vol II/B Central Kenya (Rift valley and Central province).
Joshi PK, Parthasarathy Rao P, Gowda CLL, Jones RB, Silim SN, Saxena KB, Kumar J. 2001. The world chickpea and pigeonpea economies: facts, trends, and outlook. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India:
Khaki N. 2014. Evaluation of Malawi pigeon pea (cajanus cajan l) accessions for tolerance to moisture stress and superior agronomic traits in Uganda.
Manyasa EO, Silim SN, Christiansen JL. (2009). Variability patterns in Ugandan pigeonpea landraces. Journal of Semi-Arid Tropical Agricultural Research 7, 1–9.
Mergeai G, Kimani P, Mwangombe A., Olubayo F, Smith C, Audi P, LeRoi A. 2001. Survey of pigeonpea production systems, utilization and marketing in semi-arid lands of Kenya. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment (BASE) 5(3), 145–153.
Minja EM, Shanower TG, Songa JM, Ong’aro JM, Kawonga WT, Mviha PJ, Opiyo C. 1999. Studies of pigeonpea insect pests and their management in farmers’ fields in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda. African Crop Science Journal 7(1), 1–10.
Padi FK. 2003. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and yield components in pigeonpea. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6(19), 1689–1694.
Rao PJM, Malathi S, Upender R, Reddy DV. 2013. Genetic Studies of Association and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and its Component Traits in Pigeon Pea ( Cajanus Cajan L. Millsp.). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 3(8), 250–3153.
Robertsona M, Silim S, Chauhanc Y, Ranganathan R. 2001. Predicting growth and development of pigeonpea: biomass accumulation and partitioning. Field Crops Research, 70, 89–100.
Saxena KB. 2008. Genetic Improvement of Pigeon Pea — A Review. Tropical Plant Biology 1(2), 159–178.
Silim S, Coe R, Omanga PA, Gwata E. 2007. The response of pigeonpea genotypes of different duration types to variation in temperature and photoperiod and field conditions in kenya. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 4, 209–214.
Subbarao GV, Chauhan YS, Johansen C. (2000). Patterns of osmotic adjustment in pigeonpea -Its importance as a mechanism of drought resistance. European Journal of Agronomy 12(3-4), 239–249.
Vange T, Egbe M. 2009. Studies on genetic characteristics of pigeon pea germplasm at Otobi, Benue State of Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5(6), 714–719.
Juliana J. Cheboi, Miriam G. Kinyua, Paul K.Kimurto, Oliver K. Kiplagat, Bernard K.Towett, Stella C. Kirui, Gaudencia J. Kiptoo, N.V.P.R Gangarao, 2016. Yield potential and adaptability of medium duration Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) genotypes in dry parts of North Rift Valley, Kenya. Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res., 9(2), 47-56.
Copyright © 2016 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.