Quantitative trace level heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) toxicity analysis in various fish species muscles by ICP-OES: A continuous threat for human consumption
Paper Details
Quantitative trace level heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) toxicity analysis in various fish species muscles by ICP-OES: A continuous threat for human consumption
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of toxic heavy metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) up to trace levels was performed in the fish muscles by ICP-OES following protocols of AOAC. The objective of this research basically included metal toxicity comparative evaluation levels from three chosen target sources namely River Ravi, Government fish ponds and Privately established fish farms distributed all over the Punjab, Pakistan. A total number of 300 fish samples comprising of thirteen different fish species were collected from twenty-one different sites of Punjab regions during 2011-2013. The heavy metals were found present in varying degrees and extents in some of the fish species. The results of the study interpreted that the heavy metals contamination in river fish were mostly at high concentration levels and above the maximum permissible limits of FAO (1983)/WHO guidelines (1985, 1989) which suggested high health risk to the human body through their frequent consumption. However, the situation was vice versa and was found within safe limits in case of Government fish ponds and mostly Private fish farms.
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