Epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome among young adult women: A cross sectional analysis

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, yet a large proportion of cases remain undiagnosed due to limited awareness and variability in clinical presentation. Understanding awareness, associated risk factors, and early clinical indicators of PCOS is essential for improving timely diagnosis and preventing long-term reproductive and metabolic complications. The present study was conducted to assess awareness, clinical features, and lifestyle-related risk factors associated with PCOS among women using a structured and validated questionnaire. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed involving 105 female participants aged between 16 and 54 years. Data were collected through a self-administered online survey developed according to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, incorporating demographic characteristics, menstrual history, symptoms of hyperandrogenism, lifestyle factors, and fertility-related information. Screening responses were supplemented with physiological measurements, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The findings revealed that menstrual irregularities were relatively common among participants, with 40.0% reporting occasional irregular cycles and 11.4% reporting frequent irregularities, while 48.6% reported regular menstrual patterns. More than half of the respondents (53.3%) were unsure of their androgen status, indicating limited hormonal testing or awareness regarding androgen levels. Weight-related challenges were widely reported, with 84.7% of participants indicating difficulty in maintaining body weight to varying degrees. Awareness regarding the effect of PCOS on fertility was moderate, as 63% of respondents recognized that PCOS can affect fertility, whereas 36% were unaware of this association. Despite the presence of symptoms suggestive of hormonal imbalance, most participants had not undergone hormonal testing or sought medical consultation, reflecting gaps in early screening and healthcare-seeking behavior. In conclusion, the study highlights significant gaps in awareness, screening practices, and healthcare utilization related to PCOS among women. Strengthening health education, promoting early screening programs, and encouraging lifestyle modification are essential steps for improving early diagnosis and reducing the long-term reproductive and metabolic complications associated with PCOS.