Incidences and severity of maize ear rot disease in Western Kenya
Paper Details
Incidences and severity of maize ear rot disease in Western Kenya
Abstract
Maize ear rot disease is caused by a complex relationship involving the fungal pathogens; Stenocarpella spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. Nigrospora spp, Gibberella spp., Fusarium spp., Stenocarpella spp., and Aspergillus spp. These pathogens are reported to jointly lower the quality of the maize crop and produce mycotoxins, which are toxic to both livestock and human beings. Before this study, there was insufficient documented information pertaining to incidences and severity of ear rot causing pathogens occurring in 4 counties (Western Kenya) namely; Kisumu, Siaya, Homabay and Migori, therefore this study was initiated to determine the incidences and severity of the ear rot symptoms. Studies were carried out in 12 Divisions in 4 counties of Western Kenya namely; Kisumu, Homabay, Siaya and Migori in successive long and short rain seasons of September to December 2014 and February to July of 2015 respectively using a Stratified Random Sampling design (SRSD), with the divisions as sampling units and the farmers’ fields as sampling fields. Maize ear rots were prevalent in all the 12 divisions studied. Their prevalence being only higher during the February to July 2015 than in the September to December 2014.
Ajanga, SM. 1999. Maize ear rots and associated mycotoxins in Western Kenya. Ph.D.Thesis. University of Greenwich. UK.
Adejumo TO, Hettwer U, Karlovsky P. 2007. Occurrence of Fusarium species and trichothecenes in Nigeria maize. International Journal of food Microbiology 116, 350-357.
Agrios G 2005. Plant pathology, Elsevier academic press, 5th edition 2005.
Castelo MM, Summer SS, Bullerman LB. 1998. Occurrence fumonisins in corn- based food products. In Journal of Food Science 63, 696-698.
Dhanraj KS 1966. Dry rot maize caused by Stenocarpella macrospora. In Indian physiopathology 19, 120.
Dragich M, Nelson S. 2014. Gibberella and Fusarium ear rot of maize in Hawaii, In College of Tropical Agriculture and human resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa press 102 pp 1-8.
Fajemisin JM, Kim SK, Efron Y, Sign J, Bjarnason M, Thottapilly G, Rossel HW. 1982 Maize pathology .In Annual Report, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture 1, 59, 65. 25.
Flett BC, Mclaren NW, Wehner FC. 2001. Incidence of Stenocarpella maydis ear rot of corn under crop rotation systems .Plant disease 85, 92-4.
Flett BC, Van Rensburg JB. 1992. Effect of Busseola fusca on the incidence of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium moniliform and Stenocarpella maydis. In South Africa journal of plant soil 9, 177-179.
Gebrekidan BB, Njoroge K. 1992. Agro ecological zoning in relation to maize research priorities in Kenya. In KARI proceeding of a workshop, Review of The Kenya National Maize Research program KARI/ ISNAR Management Training Linkage Project pp. 100.
Hassan RM. 1998. Maize Technology developments and transfer: AGIS Application for research planning in Kenya, .Wallingford UK CAB international.
Jaetzold R, Schmidt H. 1982 Farm Management Handbook of Kenya .Ministry of Agriculture in cooperation with GTZ, Nairobi Kenya.
Julian AM, Wareing PW, Philips SI, Medlockl VFP, MacDonald MV, Del Rio LE. 1995. Fungal contamination and selected mycotoxins in pre-and post Kapindu et al, 1999.
Laboso AK, Ngen’y JMA 1996. Some factors affecting genotypic. performance in the Kenya highland maize program. CIMMYT Maize program. In Proceedings of the fifth Eastern and Southern Africa region maize Conference, held in Arusha, Tanzania.
Marasas WFO, Jasiewicz K, Venter FS, VanSchalkwyk DJ. 1988. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of Maize in human oesophageal cancer areas in Transkei. South Africa Medical Journal 74, 110-14.
Mac Donald MV, Chapman R. 1997. The incidence of Fusarium moniliforme on maize from Central America, Africa and Asia during 1992-1995.
Marley PS, Abar DA. 1999 Current status of sorghum smuts in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 15, 119-132.
Nwigwe C. 1974. Occurrence of phomopsis on maize (Zea mays) In Plant Dis. Rptr 58; 416-417.
Olantinwo RK, Cardwell A, Menkir M, Julian A. 2004. .Inheritance of resistance to Stenocarpella (Earl) Ear Rot of Maize in the mid-Altitude Zone of Nigeria. In. European Journal of Plant Pathology 105. 535-43.
Opande GT, Musyimi DM, Nyanganga HT. 2017. Isolation and identification Rhizoctonia solani on the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart] Solms. Laubach) in the Winam gulf (Lake Victoria, Kenya). In Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary sciences 10(8), Ver. 1 (Aug 2017) pp 39-43.
Rabie CJ, Kellerman TS, Krick NP, Van der Westhuizen CA, De Wet P. 1985. Toxicity of Diplodia maydis in farm and laboratory animals. In Journal of Food Chemistry and Toxicology 23. 349-353.
Vincelli P. 2003. Ear Rot of Corn Caused by Stenocarpella maydis (=Diplodia maydis) University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. Datasheet PPA- 43 www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/ppa/ ppa43.pdf (31 August 2007).
George T. Opande, Mathews Dida, Phillip Onyango, Christine Wesonga (2017), Incidences and severity of maize ear rot disease in Western Kenya; IJB, V11, N2, August, P136-143
https://innspub.net/incidences-and-severity-of-maize-ear-rot-disease-in-western-kenya/
Copyright © 2017
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0