Evaluation on the california bearing ratio of lime sludge-cement stabilized subbase course soil

Paper Details

Research Paper 15/06/2022
Views (741)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Evaluation on the california bearing ratio of lime sludge-cement stabilized subbase course soil

Roxette C. Galdo, Vera Karla S. Caingles
J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 20(6), 19-27, June 2022.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2022; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

In designing a pavement, aside from the types and properties of the surface layer (flexible or rigid), the soil properties of subgrade, subbase, and base materials are also important parameters. This research study was performed to determine the effects of lime sludge (LS) mixed with cement for use as stabilizers for road subbase course material. Laboratory tests to determine the engineering properties and California bearing ratio (CBR) were conducted on treated and untreated soil samples. There were two (2) sets of treated soil samples, Set 1: (Subbase soil + LS) added with varying percentages of lime sludge of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16; and Set 2 (Subbase soil + LS + OPC) which contained lime sludge content of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 percent each coupled with 2% cement. For Mixture Set 1, laboratory test results indicated that treated samples with LS of 10%, 12%, 14% and 16% showed CBR values higher than the untreated sample. Highest CBR in this set of mixtures was recorded from the treated sample with 14% LS. Moreover, when 2% cement was added for Mixture Set 2, CBR values of subbase soil+LS mixtures increased, obtaining the highest value from the mixture with 10%LS and 2% cement. Therefore, the experimental result showed that the LS combined with cement can effectively improve the CBR value of the subbase course material.

Alhassan M, Mustapha A. 2007. Effect of rice husk ash on cement stabilized laterite. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies 11, 47-58.

Chandak R, Babu A. 2015. Effect of lime sludge on strength and compaction of soil. Journal of Civil Engineering Research 5(1), 18-20.

Dahale P, Nagarnaik P, Gajbhiye A. 2016. Effect of fly ash and Lime on stabilization of expansive Soil. Journal on Civil Engineering 6(2), 8-12.

Daleon C, Lorenzo G. 2018. Effects of sugar mill lime sludge treatment of the CBR and UCS of expansive soil in Bukidnon. CMU Journal of Science 21(1).

Diallo M, Unsever Y. 2019. Stabilization of clay soils using fly ash black sea. Journal of Engineering and Science 2(3), 81-87.

Firoozi A, Olgun C, Firoozi A, Baghini M. 2017. Fundamentals of soil stabilization. Geo-Engineering 8.

Guyer P. 2011. Introduction to soil stabilization in pavements. Continuing Education and Development, Inc p. 1-29.

Hossain S, Mathur L, Roy P. 2018. Rice husk/rice husk ash as an alternative source of silica in ceramics: A review. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies 6(4), 299-313.

Joe M, Rajesh A. 2015. Soil stabilization using industrial waste and lime. International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology 4(7), 799-805.

Kowalski T, Starry D. 2007. Modern soil stabilization techniques. Paper for the 2007 Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada p. 1-16.

Nagaraju V, Kumar S. 2017. An experimental study on paper mill lime sludge as stabilizing agent. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 6(1), 1005-1010.

Rubenstein M. 2012. Emissions from the cement industry. News form Columbia Climate School Climate, Earth, and Society.

Sharma R, Hymavathi J. 2016. Effect of fly ash, construction demolition waste and lime on geotechnical characteristics of a clayey soil: A comparative study. Environmental Earth Sciences 75(5).

Simatupang M, Mangalla L, Edwin R, Putra A, Azikin M, Aswad N, Mustika W. 2020. The mechanical properties of fly-ash-stabilized sands. Geosciences 10(4), 1-19.

Suthar M, Aggarwal P. 2017. Bearing ratio and leachate analysis of pond ash stabilized with lime and lime sludge. Journal of Rock Mechanical and Geotechnical Engineering 10, 769-777.

Turan C, Javadi A, Vinai R, Shariatmadari N, Farmani R. 2020. Use of class C fly ash for stabilization of fine-grained soils. E3S Web of Conferences 95.

Usha M. 2016. Soil stabilization for pavement using lime and hyposludge. International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology 3(2), 333-337.

Zorluer I, Gucek S. 2020. The usability of industrial wastes on soil stabilization. Revista de la Construcción 19(1), 80-89.

Related Articles

Analysis of soil physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations in Lourdes, Alubijid, Misamis Oriental

Prosibeth G. Bacarrisas*, Romeo M. del Rosario, Angelo Mark P. Walag, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(2), 49-58, February 2026.

Tick-borne blood parasites in small ruminants: An epidemiological study of Anaplasma sp. and Babesia sp. in Cagayan, Philippines

Kathlyn B. Cruz*, Jhaysel G. Rumbaoa, Mary Ann M. Santos, Bryan Jerome R. Bassig, John Michael U. Tabil, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(2), 34-48, February 2026.

Diversity, spatial and seasonal distribution of gastropod molluscs in Taï national park (Côte d’Ivoire): Influence of environmental factors

Doue Obin*, Memel Jean-Didié, Kouadio Behegbin Habib Herbert, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(2), 20-33, February 2026.

Assessment of heavy metal levels in spring water of Dansolihon, Cagayan de Oro City

Faith M. Guimary*, Romeo M. Del Rosario, Angelo Mark P. Walag, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(2), 12-19, February 2026.

Evaluating curriculum alignment, accuracy, and readability of ‘environmental disaster, sanitation, and waste management

Analyn I. Diola*, Priscilla R. Castro, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(2), 1-11, February 2026.

Above and below ground carbon stock assessment of natural and planted mangrove forest in Davao Occidental, Philippines

C. F. Mangaga*, W. T. Tatil, H. A. R. Quiaoit, P. D. Suson, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 157-167, January 2026.

Extraction and characterization of distilled water from by-product of salt refinery processing

Analyn I. Diola*, Eric A. Cunanan, Irene A. De Vera, Christian Garret F. Aquino, Julie M. Agpaoa, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 151-156, January 2026.

Vulnerability to illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing: The case of the Talusan, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines

Angelica M. Darunday*, Judy Ann H. Fernandez, Shekinah L. Ogoc, Norlika D. Moti, Larry C. Herbito, Armi G. Torres, J. Biodiv. & Environ. Sci. 28(1), 138-150, January 2026.