Assessment of the environmental condition of Lake Urmia by combining DPSIR framework and productivity model (Ishikawa)
Paper Details
Assessment of the environmental condition of Lake Urmia by combining DPSIR framework and productivity model (Ishikawa)
Abstract
As one of the most important and valuable aquatic ecosystems of Iran, Lake Urmia was announced as a national park in the early 70’s, and as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1976. Also this lake is considered an internationally important wetland, and in 1975 was introduced to (1971-Ramsar) convention of wetlands preservation as a vital area for birds. It is necessary to note that Lake Urmia is the second largest salt water lake in the world after the Dead Sea. Studies warn of serious threats to the lake’s ecosystem and signs of reduction of ecologic mechanisms due to human activities. Adjustment and storage of the river water behind dams, and channeling the water from rivers that flow to the lake for agricultural and drinking purposes and hence reducing the water entering the lake, flow of urban and industrial untreated sewage and agricultural wastewater to the lake, and construction of Shahid Kalantari highway affecting the water circulation. In this article, first with the use of Ishikawa technique, the important and determining factors in drying of Lake Urmia were identified. Then with the help of DPSIR model, they were analyzed and the impacts and responses caused by these pressures were explained. In the end the important and effective factors contributing to drying of Lake Urmia (human activities including agriculture and planting with high water consumption, and construction of numerous dams in the water basin of the rivers flowing to the lake) were identified.
Alain Lambert. 2003. Economic Valuation of Wetlands: an Important Component of Wetland Management Stratejies at the River Basin Scale, Ramsar Covention.
Amirkabir MA. 101 techniques for innovative problem solving, James M. Higgins, translated by Pourdariani publication.
Andrey A, Gusev Nina, Korobova L. 2001. Evalution of Concepts for Environmental Damage Economic Evaluation, Fifth International Conference of the Internatioanl Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE), Russian chapter 26-29.
Basics of design and development of a consistent modeling system for Lake Urmia water basin, environmental conservation organization 2010.
Callan S, Thomas J. 2000. Environmental Economics and management, Dryden press.
Costanza. 1997. The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capitals, Nature journal 387 (6230), 253 – 260.
Designing a smart decision-making system in Urmia water basin (organization of environmental presser-vation) 2010.
Edward B, Barbier M, Acreman D, Knowler. 1997. Economic Valuation of Wetlands: a guide for policy makers and planners, Ramsar Convention Bureau. Gland Switzerland.
Environment and Economics in Project Preparation. 1997. Asian Development Bank.
Ghodsipour SH. 2002. Discussions in multi-criteria decision-making, Amirkabir University publication 3rd edition.
Lee DE. 1997. Uses and Meanings of Cost Estimates, The Full Costs and Benefits ofTransport, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Lucy Emerton, Kekulandala LDCB. 2003. Assessment of the economic value of Muthurajawela Wetland, Occasional Papers of IUCN Sri Lanka 4, January.
Luke M, Brander Raymond JG, Mflorax Jane E, Vermaat. 2003. The Empirics of Wetland Valuation: A Comprehensive summary & Meta-Analysis of the Literature. Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije University, The Netherlands.
Mehregan M. 2004. Advanced operational research”, University Books publications, 1st edition. Program for applied researches in Iran water resource manage-ment company, ministry of energy.
Program for consistent management of country’s wetlands, organization of environmental conservation, 2011.
Program for preservation of wetlands for the public for stable natural agriculture, 2009.
Aida Shariatmadari, Majid Abbaspour, Zahra Abedi, Alireza Vafaee nejad, Roya Tabatabai Yazdi (2015), Assessment of the environmental condition of Lake Urmia by combining DPSIR framework and productivity model (Ishikawa); JBES, V6, N6, June, P596-600
https://innspub.net/assessment-of-the-environmental-condition-of-lake-urmia-by-combining-dpsir-framework-and-productivity-model-ishikawa/
Copyright © 2015
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0