Nutraceuticals and bioactive components of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)
Paper Details
Nutraceuticals and bioactive components of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)
Abstract
As plants are considered as the main source of foods for living organisms, the consumption of plant-derived bioactive components among human beings is an increasing trend nowadays. The bitter gourd has been used as food and medicine across the world but mostly grows in tropical countries like Asia and Africa. This review compiles the various nutraceuticals such as the proximate biochemical, vitamin and mineral compositions, and bioactive components derived from bitter gourd and describe its potential to benefit human health. This review also provides valuable information for researchers to maximize the use of natural resources especially on controlling and preventing diseases. This article uses the systematic method for reviewing where the evidences collected from different scientific studies on bitter gourd were analysed and synthesized quantitatively. The fruits, leaves, seeds and roots of bitter gourd are found to contain abundant amounts of protein, lipid, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components with healing potentials as well. Although plant-derived bioactive components are considered to cause less harm, the use of these compounds to cure and prevent diseases must undergo comprehensive scientific studies to confirm its potential since not all bioactive compounds coming from plants are beneficial to human health.
Ansari AA, Singh J, Aminuddin M. 2019. Biochemical characterization of Momordica charantia (leaf and fruit) and effect of soluble extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Cell Biology and Development 3(1), 1–5.
Ayeni MJ, Oyeyemi SD, Kayode J, Peter GP. 2015. Phytochemical, proximate, and mineral analyses of the leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Momordica charantia L. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 5(6), 99–107.
Bakare RI, Magbagbeola OA, Akinwande AI, Okunowo O. 2010. Nutritional and chemical evaluation of Momordica charantia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4, 2189–2193.
Barua R, Talukder MEU, Islam MS, Yesmin F, Chakma K, Kabir MG, Bhuiyan RH. 2020. Nutritional analysis and phytochemical evaluation of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) from Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 8(2).
Bionity. [n.d.]. Bitter melon. https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Bitter_melon.html#References. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Dubai Health Authority. [n.d.]. Benefits of vitamins and minerals. Government of Dubai, Dubai Health Authority. https://www.dha.gov.ae/uploads/022022/Benefits%20of%20vitamins%20and%20minerals_En202226733.pdf. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Dung TTT, Tri NM. 2021. Biochemical compositions, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antibacterial activity of extract from wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviata Ser.). Vietnamese Journal of Food Control 4(2), 2021.
General. 2015. Harvesting bitter melon in S. Korea. Yonhap News Agency. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20150527120700341. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Goo KS, Ashari S, Basuki N, Sugiharto AN. 2016. The bitter gourd Momordica charantia L.: morphological aspects, charantin, and vitamin C contents. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 9(10), 76–81.
Herrera J. 2014. Origins of the chabacano amargoso and cucuracha. Bien Chabacano. https://bienchabacano.blogspot.com/2014/05/origins-of-chabacano-amargozo-and.html. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Horax R, Hettiarachchy N, Islam S. 2006. Total phenolic contents and phenolic acid constituents in 4 varieties of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) and antioxidant activities of their extracts. Journal of Food Science 70(4), C275–C280.
Jomova K, Makova M, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. 2022. Essential metals in health and disease. Chemico-Biological Interactions 367, 110173.
Kohlmeier M. 2003. Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genetics. Nutrient Metabolism: Structures, Functions, and Genetics. 1–826.
Mahwish M, Saeed F, Nisa M, Nadeem MT. 2018. Minerals and phytochemical analysis of bitter melon fruits and its components in some indigenous and exotic cultivars. Bioscience Journal 34(6), 1622–1631.
McCreight JD, Staub JE, Wehner JC, Dhillon NPS. 2013. Gone global: familiar and exotic cucurbits have Asian origin. American Society for Horticultural Science 48(9), 1078–1089.
Morris AL, Mohiuddin SS. 2022. Biochemistry, nutrients. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554545/. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Myint ZW, Oo TH, Thein KZ, Tun AM, Saeed H. 2018. Copper deficiency anemia: review article. Annals of Hematology 97(9), 1527–1534.
Narayana Health. 2022. Health benefits of bitter gourd. Narayana Health. https://www.narayanahealth.org/blog/health-benefits-of-bitter-gourd/. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Nasri H, Baradaran A, Shirzad H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. 2014. New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 5(12), 1487–1499.
Natureloc. 2022. Bitter gourd (pavakka) can fight cholesterol. Bitter melon tea recipe. https://healthyliving.natureloc.com/bitter-gourd-pavakka-fights-cholesterol/. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Oloruntola OD, Ayodele SO, Olowu OP, Falowo AB, Adeyeye SA, Omoniyi IS, Osowe CO. 2021. The proximate analysis, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and mineral composition of Momordica charantia and Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder. Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry.
Padre J. 2009. Chinese lanterns aglow in a summer garden. Ilocano Online. https://ilocanoonline.wordpress.com./tag/paria/. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Raoof GFA, Mohamed KY. 2018. Chapter 10– Natural products for the management of diabetes. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 59, 323–374.
Reetesh C, Washid K, Nishu S, Rekha P. 2015. Chromatographic evaluation of the ethanolic extracts of seeds of Momordica charantia L. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 6(8–9), 4672–4676.
Ryan-Harshman M, Aldoori W. 2005. Health benefits of selected minerals. Canadian Family Physician 51(5), 673–675.
Sanchez CM. 2022. Ampalaya for non-insulin dependent diabetes. Technology Transfer and Business Development Office – Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, University of the Philippines Manila. https://ttbdo.upm.edu.ph/ampalaya-for-non-insulin-dependent-diabetes/. Accessed 26 April 2023.
Sulaiman A, Yakubu M. 2018. Chemical composition of Momordica charantia leaves. International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJASEAT) 6(2), Special Issue 1, 27–32.
Tiwari I, Upadhyay A, Ansari F, Rana GK, Deshmukh KK, Patidar S, Singh A. 2021. Effect of drying methods on proximates, sensorial quality, and shelf life of dehydrated bitter gourd. Biological Forum – An International Journal 13(3b), 51–58.
Ullah M, Chy FK, Sarkar SK, Islam MK, Absar N. 2011. Nutrient and phytochemical analysis of four varieties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) grown in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agricultural Research 5, 186–193.
Upadhyay A, Agrahari P, Singh DK. 2015. A review on salient pharmacological features of Momordica charantia. International Journal of Pharmacology 11, 405–413.
Vincent JB. 2003. The potential value and toxicity of chromium picolinate as a nutritional supplement, weight loss agent, and muscle development agent. Sports Medicine 33(3), 213–230.
Lalaine G. Gamolo, Angelo Mark P. Walag, Romeo M. Del Rosario (2024), Nutraceuticals and bioactive components of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia); IJB, V25, N5, November, P167-175
https://innspub.net/nutraceuticals-and-bioactive-components-of-bitter-gourd-momordica-charantia/
Copyright © 2024
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0