Sensory qualities, proximate composition and microbial activity of cacao pod-based food products
Paper Details
Sensory qualities, proximate composition and microbial activity of cacao pod-based food products
Abstract
This research investigates the possibilities of healthy and sustainable food options from cacao pod (husk) using cacao pod husk flour and cacao noodles. Nutritional analysis of the cacao pod husk flour also found that it was 6.98% protein, 27.35% fiber and just 0.32% fat, which make it a wonderful source of plant protein and fiber. Data for cacao noodles were followed by 6.52% and 4.62% of protein and fiber, respectively, and little content in fat, which were a good supplement for daily diet. Microbial examinations revealed that both products were safe to eat, with low coliform, yeast, mold and E. coli counts. Participant sensory evaluations revealed the great taste, texture, and aroma of the products, although their appearance could be improved. In general, CPHF and CN are nutritionally safe, promising as functional food ingredients, and their appearance only needs to be modified slightly for enhanced consumer acceptance.
Adi-Dako M A, Asante D, Kwame E. 2016. Antibacterial properties of cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin against common foodborne pathogens. Journal of Food Science and Technology 53(8), 2811–2818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-016-0385-7
Anoraga SB, Kley Valladares-Diestra A, Campos-Vega R. 2024. Cocoa pod husk as a source of bioactive compounds: Applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and environmental sustainability. Biotechnology Advances 45, 108–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.107846
Anoraga SB, Kley Valladares-Diestra A, Campos-Vega R. 2024. Innovations in green technology for cocoa pod husk valorization: From waste to functional products. Food Bioprocessing and Technology 12(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-023-02986-1
Campos-Vega R, Orozco SM, De la Torre MA. 2018. Cacao pod husks: A sustainable source of nutrients and antioxidants for food applications. Journal of Food Science and Technology 55(5), 2148–2155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-018-0432-0
De Oliveira JA, Pinto AP, Lima AR. 2022. Environmental impacts of cacao production: A case study on the waste generated by cacao pod husks and potential solutions. Environmental Sustainability Review 21(3), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsus.2022.04.007
Delgado-Ospina MJ, Mena M, González E. 2021. Cocoa production, by-products, and sustainability: The case of cocoa pod husk utilization. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69(10), 2915–2924. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2049787
FAO. 2021. Cacao and its role in food security and agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/cacao
Gallego JM, Gómez-Moreno C, Pérez-Álvarez JA. 2022. Environmental challenges associated with cocoa pod husk waste management and its impact on crop health. Environmental Sustainability Review 16(4), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsus.2022.01.010
ICCO. 2021. Annual report on global cacao production and trade. International Cocoa Organization. https://www.icco.org
IFAD. 2020. The socio-economic importance of cacao farming for rural communities. International Fund for Agricultural Development. https://www.ifad.org/cacao-farming
Kley Valladares-Diestra A, Peraza-Sánchez S R, Rodríguez-González C. 2022. Cacao pod husk as a raw material for functional food products. Food Research International 150, 110119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110119
Lu Y, Li M, Zhang X. 2018. Physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of cocoa pod husk and its potential uses in food processing. Food Chemistry 262, 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.119
Nguyen VL, Tran ND, Nguyen PT. 2024. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of cocoa pod husk (CPH) as a functional food ingredient. Journal of Functional Foods 95, 104112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2023.105477
WCF. 2021. Cacao production and economic impact. World Cocoa Foundation Report. https://www.worldcocoafoundation.org/production-and-economic-impact
Yapo BI, Yeo LB, N’guessan K. 2013. Nutritional and physicochemical properties of cacao pod husk and its potential in value-added products. Food Research International 50(2), 400–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.10.010
John Carlo L. Banan, Aiza T. Ramos, 2025. Sensory qualities, proximate composition and microbial activity of cacao pod-based food products. Int. J. Biosci., 27(4), 48-56.
Copyright © 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.


