Antimicrobial activity of Garcinia mangostana using different solvents extracts
Paper Details
Antimicrobial activity of Garcinia mangostana using different solvents extracts
Abstract
The present study investigates antibacterial activity of Garcinia mangostana in different solvents by disc diffusion method. Seven different extracts were prepared, using different solvents viz., methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, ethyl ether, petroleum sprit and water. The result of antibacterial screening showed that all the extracts show moderate inhibition against pathogenic bacteria, both gram positive including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacilllus subtillis and gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall analysis of the antibacterial activity of tested samples revealed that the highest inhibitory activity was produced by ethanol extract (31±0.37mm) against S. pyogenes while minimal activity was found from ethyl ether extract (12 ± 0.00) against B.subtillis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. pyogenes was 10 mg/ml for methanol extract.
Agra MF, Freitas PF, Barbosa-Filh JM. 2007. Synopsis of the plants known as medicinal and poisonous in Northwest of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 17, 114-140.
Akao Y, Nakagawa Y, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y. 2008. Anti-cancer effects of xanthones from pericarps of mangosteen. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9, 355-370.
Bhat RS, Al-daihan S. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of Litchi chinensis and Nephelium lappaceum aqueous seed extracts against some pathogenic bacterial strains. Journal of King Saud University – Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.05.007
Bakht J, Tayyab M, Ali H, Islam A, Shafi M . 2011a. Effect of different solvent extracted samplesof Allium sativum on bacteria and fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology 10, 5910-5915. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.232
Bakht J, Islam A, Tayyub M, Ali H, Shafi M. 2011b. Antimicrobial potentials of Eclipta alba by disc diffusion method. African Journal of Biotechnology 10, 7658-7667. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.454
Bakht J, Ali H, Khan MA, Khan A, Saeed M, Shafi M, Islam A, Tayyab M. 2011 c. Antimicrobial activities of different solvents extracted samples of Linum usitatissimum by disc diffusion. African Journal of Biotechnology 10, 19825-19835. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.229
Bakht J, Islam A, Shafi M. 2011d. Antimicrobial potential of Eclipta alba by well diffusion method. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43, 161-166.
Chin YW, Jung HA, Chai H, Keller WJ, Kinghorn AD. 2008. Xanthones with quinone reductase-inducing activity from the fruits of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen). Phytochemistry 69(3), 754-758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.023
Chomnawang MT, Surassmo S, Nukoolkarn VS, Gritsanapan W. 2007. Effect of Garcinia mangostana on inflammation caused by Propionibacterium acnes . Fitoterapia 78(6), 401-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.019
Cowan MM. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12 .564–582.
Darout IA, Christy AA, Skaug N, Egeberg PK. 2000. Identification and quantification of some potentially antimicrobial anionic components in Miswak extract Indian Journal of Pharmacology 32 , 11–14
Dash S, Nath LK, Bhise S, Bhuyan N, 2005. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Heracleum nepalense D Don root. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 4, 341-347.
Dharmaratne HRW, Sakagami Y, Piyasena KGP, Thevanesam V. 2013 Antibacterial activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana (L.) and their structure–activity relationship studies. Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters 27, 10 , 938-941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2012.678348
Franco OL, Murad AM, Jos LR, Mendes PAM, Prates MV, Jr CB, 2006. Identification of a cowpea g-thionin with bacteria activity. FEBS Journal 273,3489- 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05349.x
Fu C, Loo AE, Chia FP, Huang D. 2007. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins from mangosteen pericarps. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 55(19), 7689-7694 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf071166n
Gopalakrishnan G, Banumathi B, Suresh G. 1997. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of natural xanthones from Garcinia mangostana and their synthetic derivatives. Jouranal of Natural Products 60(5), 519-524
Gurib-Fakim A. 2006, Medicinal plants: Traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 27, 1-93.
Harbone JB, 1973. Phytochemical Methods. London: Chapman and Hill. 49-188.
Ji X, Avula B, Khan IA. 2007 Quantitative and qualitative determination of six xanthones in Garcinia mangostana L. by LC-PDA and LC-ESI-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 43(4), 1270-1276.
Jung HA, Su BN, Keller WJ, Mehta RG, Kinghorn D, 2006. Antioxidant Xanthones from pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 54, 2077–2082.
Mahabusarakam W, Wiriyachitra P, Taylor WC. 1987. Chemical constituents of Garcinia mangostana . Jouranal of Natural Products 50(3), 474-478.
Nilar, Harrison LJ. 2002 Xanthones from the heartwood of Garcinia mangostana . Phytochemistry 60(5), 541-548.
Nilar, Nguyen LH, Venkatraman G, Sim KY, Harrison LJ. 2005. Xanthones and benzophenones from Garcinia griffithii and Garcinia mangostana. Phytochemistry 66(14), 1718-1723.
Obolskiy D, Pischel I, Siriwatanametanon N, Heinrich M. 2009. Garcinia mangostana L.: a phytochemicalandpharmacologicalreview. Phytotherapy Research 23, 1047–1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2730
Pedraza CJ, Cardenas RN, Orozco IM, Perez RJM. 2008. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Food Chemistry and Toxicology 46, 3227-3239.
Suksamrarn S, Suwannapoch N, Phakhodee W, et al. 2003 Antimycobacterial activity of prenylated xanthones from the fruits of Garcinia mangostana . Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin(Tokyo) 51(7), 857-859.
Suksamrarn S, Komutiban O, Ratananukul P, Chimnoi N, Lartpornmatulee N, Suksamrarn A, 2006. Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones from the young fruit of Garcinia mangostana. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 54, 301-305.
Ushimaru PI, Mariama TN, Luiz C, Luciano B Di Ary FJ. 2007. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extract. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38, 717-719.
Valgas C, Machado de Souza S, Smânia EFA, Artur Smânia Jr. 2007. Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38, 369–380.
Yu L, Zhao M, Yang B, Zhao Q, Jiang Y. 2007. Phenolics from hull of Garcinia mangostana fruit and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry 104(1), 176-181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.018
Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Sooad Al-Daihan, 2013. Antimicrobial activity of Garcinia mangostana using different solvents extracts. Int. J. Biosci., 3(10), 267-272.
Copyright © 2013 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.