Value of insect pollinators to agriculture of Pakistan
Paper Details
Value of insect pollinators to agriculture of Pakistan
Abstract
Pollination is important for crop production. Due to pollination deficit and ecological disturbances it is essential to quantify the economic value of pollination. In Pakistan, such values are not available. Using bioeconomical methods these values were quantified. The production value of pollinated dependent crop was 1.59 billion US$. Of the total value, fruits are dominant with 0. 98 billion, vegetables 0.32 billion, nuts 0.15 billion, oilseed 0.13 billion and spices 0.004 billion US $. Non pollinated crops values 7.45 billion US $. This study is helpful in planning stratagies for pollination management. Moreover material and technical inputs required can be better asked in the light of this study.
Abbas M. 1957. The role of honey bee (Apis indica F.) as a pollinator in Brassica species. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Ahmad R. 1991. Effect of honeybee pollination on fruit yield of cucumber crop. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 24 (1), 88-90.
Aizen MA, Garibaldi LA, Cunningham SA, Klein AM. 2009. How much does agriculture depend on pollinators? Lessons from long-term trends in crop production. Annals of Botany 103(9), 1579-1588.
Din MR. 1976. Role of insect pollinators in the fruit bearing of Kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco). M. Sc Thesis, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Gallai N, Salles JM, Settele J, Vaissiere BE. 2008. Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. Ecological Economy 68, 810-821.
Gondal SMA, Haq M. 1973. Studies on the role of Apis indica F. in the pollination of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linn.) and radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.). Sind University Research Journal 7 (1), 87-93.
GOP 2006. Fruits, vegetables and condiments statistics of Pakistan 2005-2006 Economic Wing, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Islamabad, 76 pp.
GOP 2011. Agricultural statistics of Pakistan 2008-2009. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Islamabad, 272 pp.
Irshad M, Stephen E, Rafi, MA, Raja S. 2010. Research work on pollinator insects in Pakistan (1947-2010). UNEP-GEF-FAO Project. Islamabad.13 pp.
Kamal S, Akhtar M. 1976. Role of insects in the pollination of Raya (Brassica juncea H. F. & T.) flowers. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13(1): 65-72.
Khan BM, Shahid M, Chaudhry MI. 1986. Effect of honey bee pollination on the fruit setting and yield of loquat, Eriobotrya japonica. Pakistan Journal of Forestry 36(2). 73-77.
Kearns CA, Inouye DW, Waser NM. 1998. Endangered mutualisms: the conservation of plant – pollinator interactions. – Annual Review Ecology System 29, 83 – 112.
Klein MA, Vaissière BE, James HCI, Cunningham SA, Kremen C, Tscharntke T. 2007. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. Proceeding Biological Sciences 274, 303–313.
Latif A, Qayyum HA, Abbas M. 1960. The role of Apis indica in the pollination of toria and sarson (Brassica campestris var. toria and dichotoma). Bee world 41(11-12), 283-286.
Latif A, Qayyum HA, Abbas M. 1965. Insect pollinators of toria (Brassica campestris var. toria and sarson (Brassica campestris var. dichotoma). Pakistan Journal Agricultural Sciences 2(4), 274-286.
Levin MD. 1984. Value of bee pollination to United State agriculture. American Bee Journal 124, 184– 186.
Ollerton J, Winfree R, Tarrant S. 2011. How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals. Oikos 120, 321-326.
Partap U, Partap T, Sharma HK, Phartiyal P, Marma A, Tamang NB, Ken T, Munawar MS. 2012. Value of insect pollinators to Himalayan agricultural economies. Kathmandu, ICIMOD, p. 54.
Pimentel D, Acquay H, Biltonen M, Rice P, Silva M, Nelson J, Lipner V, Giordano S, Horowitz A, D.’ Amore M. 1993. Assessment of environmental and economic impacts of pesticide use. In: The pesticide question, environment, economics, and ethics. Eds: Pimentel, D. and Lehman, H. Chapman & Hall, New York & London. p. 47-84.
Roubik DW. 1995. Pollination of cultivated plants in the tropics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Bulletin, 118.
Saeed S, Malik S, Dad K, Sajjad A, Ali M. 2012. In search of best pollinators for bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) pollination in Multan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 44(6), 1633-1641.
Sarwar G, Aslam M, Munawar MS, Raja S, Mahmood R. 2008. Effect of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on fruit setting and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Pakistan Entomologis, 30(2): 185-191.
Stephen E, and Irshad M. 2012. Economic impact of pollinators in crop production of Pakistan. UNEP-GEF-FAO Project Islamabad., p. 10 .
Suhail A, Abdin Z, Iqbal J, Waseem U, Shahid RN, Haq I. 2001. Insecticidal mortality and pollination role of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crop. International Journal of Agricultural Biology 3(4), 501-502.
Williams IH. 1994. The dependence of crop production within the European Union on pollination by honey bees. Agricultural Zoology Reviews 6, 229–257.
Mohammad Irshad, Elizabeth Stephen, 2013. Value of insect pollinators to agriculture of Pakistan. Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res., 3(5), 14-21.
Copyright © 2013 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.