In-vitro antibacterial interaction of crude methanol extract of Zingiber officinale with a quinolone against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis
Paper Details
In-vitro antibacterial interaction of crude methanol extract of Zingiber officinale with a quinolone against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the in-vitro antibacterial interaction of crude methanol extract of Zingiberofficinale with Ciprofloxacin, the remedial implications of the simultaneous use of Zingiberofficinale(herbal remedy) and Ciprofloxacin (conventional medicine). The plant material was obtained, peeled, dried, ground and then extracted using cold maceration method with 80% methanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted. Antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of Zingiberofficinale at various concentrations was done using the agar well diffusion method with Ciprofloxacin used as the positive control while Methanol was used as negative control. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Zingiber officinale and Ciprofloxacin were evaluated using Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. Then the synergistic effect of the methanol extracts of Zingiberofficinale rhizome and Ciprofloxacin was also carried out. Phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, steroid, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. Antimicrobial evaluations showed zones of inhibition against the three test organisms (E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtili), ranging from 1mm to 7.5mm at the various concentrations for the methanol extract of Zingiberofficinale. The zone of inhibition of the positive control (Ciprofloxacin) was observed to be from 39.5 to 35mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml) was observed to be 800, 50 and 50 for E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus respectively for the methanol extracts of Zingiber officinale and 0.25, 0.5, 0.125 for S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis respectively for Ciprofloxacin.The synergistic effect of the methanol extracts of Zingiber officinale and Ciprofloxacin was seen to have a higher zone of inhibition (26 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, unlike Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, that showed antagonism when the extract and ciprofloxacin were combined. is study confirms that Zingiberofficinale possesses antimicrobial activity, and the combined effect of the interaction between Zingiberofficinale and Ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Kuhn MA. 2002. “Herbal remedies: drug-herb interactions 2002” Critical Care Nurse 22(2), 22–34.
Osemene KP, Elujoba AA, Ilori MO. 2011. “A comparative assessment of herbal and orthodox medicines in Nigeria,” Research Journal of Medical Sciences 5(5), 280–285. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njnpm.v17i1.7
Chan K, Cheung L. 2000. Interactions between Chinese herbal medicinal products and orthodox drugs, CRC Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367805210/
De Smet PAGM. 1997. “The role of plant-derived drugs and herbal medicines in healthcare,” Drugs (54)6, p 801–840. http://link.springer.com
Houghton PJ. 2009 “Synergy and polyvalence: paradigms to explain the activity of herbal World Health Organization. WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002-2005.
Opdyke DLJ. 1974. Food Cosmet. Toxicology. 12 (Suppl.) p 901. http://www.ncbi.nih.gov
O’Hara M, Keifer D, Farrel K, Kemper K. 1998. A review of 12 commonly used medicinal herbs. Archives Family Medicine (7), 523-536.
McGee H. 2004. On food and cooking. The science and lore of the kitchen.2nd Edition.Harold McGee(Ed). New York.p 425-426.
Harborne JB. 1992. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of plant analysis (3rd ed) London: Chapman and Hall Publication.
Hallender HO, Dornbusch K, Gezelius L, Jacobson K, Karissan I. 1982 Synergism between aminoglycosides and cephalosporins with antipseudomonal activity: interaction index and killing curve method. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 22, 743-752.
Chambers HF, Saunde MA. 1996. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. In: Hardman et al (eds). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed 10, New York, McGraw-Hill. P 1049-1073.
Riaz H, Begum A, Raza SA, Khan ZM, Yousaf H, Tariq A. 2015. Antimicrobial property and phytochemical study of ginger found in local area of Punjab, Pakistan International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 4(7), 405-409. http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/vol4Issue7/03
Cheesbrough M. 2006. District laboratory practice in Tropical countries part 2 (2nd edition) Cambridge University press.
Sofowora A. 2008. Medical Plants and Traditional Medicinal in Africa, 3rd Edition, and spectrum books Ltd. Ibadan, Nigeria, p 23-25.
Okiki PA, Oyetunji O, Oso B. 2015. Antibacterial activity of Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) against isolated bacteria from the respiratory tract infections. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) 5, 19.
Nascimento GGF, Locatelli J, Freitas PC, Silva GL. 2000. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 31, 247-256.
Chan K, Cheung L. 2000. Interactions between Chinese herbal medicinal products and orthodox drugs, CRC Press.
Chen Jaw-Chyun, Li-Jiau Huang, Shih-Lu WU, Sheng-Chu KUO, Tin-Yun HO, Chien-Yun Hsiang. 2007. “Ginger and Its Bioactive Component Inhibit Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin-Induced Diarrhea in Mice”. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 5(21), 8390–7.
Clement Oliseloke Anie, Michael Oghenejobo, Esther Imabong Edomokong, Ejemighaye, Tracy, 2020. In-vitro antibacterial interaction of crude methanol extract of Zingiber officinale with a quinolone against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Int. J. Biosci., 16(2), 31-39.
Copyright © 2020 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.