Influence of age and girth at opening on rubber yield, biochemical and tapping panel dryness parameters of Hevea brasiliensis in determining tapping norms
Paper Details
Influence of age and girth at opening on rubber yield, biochemical and tapping panel dryness parameters of Hevea brasiliensis in determining tapping norms
Abstract
The incidence of several girths or tapping start period on the parameters of rubber yield, the physiological profile and the sensitivity to tapping panel dryness of Hevea brasiliensis have been studied for a decade in southeastern rubber growing area of Côte d’Ivoire. The study was conducted from so called early (tapping start at 40, 45 cm girth) and/or late (opening at 55, 60 and 65 cm girth) tapping applied to clones GT 1, PB 217 and PB 235. This study shows that starting tapping clone GT 1 at 40 cm girth and clones PB 217 and PB 235 at 50 cm are the best treatments in terms of rubber yield, physiological parameters and tapping panel dryness. These girths at the opening were reached at approximately 6 years after planting, regardless of the clone. The satisfactory results recorded demonstrate the preponderance of the notion of “opening age” over that of circumference of tapping start. Thus, the age of 6 years after planting seems to be the best period to start tapping rubber trees, because it is a good benchmark of physiological maturity in Hevea brasiliensis. Despite this precedence of the age over the girth, the different results indicate the need to use both criteria to take into account a delay in the growth and especially a difference in the vegetative growth of the clones planted.
Anonymous 1, 1993. Fiches de clones 4, 11 and 12 : GT 1, PB 217 et PB 235. In : Recueil de Fiches de clones unpublished information p. 5.
Anonymous 2, 1987. Rapports annuels : Systèmes d’exploitation adaptés aux clones, saignée précoce, pp 113-115.
Anonymous 3, 1988. Rapports annuels : Systèmes d’exploitation adaptés aux clones, saignée précoce, p. 104-105.
Anonymous 4, 1989. Rapports annuels : Systèmes d’exploitation adaptés aux clones, saignée précoce, p. 97-98.
Compagnon P., 1986. Principes de la conduite de l’exploitation. In: Le caoutchouc naturel, Coste R. ed., G.P. Maisonneuve and Larose, Paris, p. 237-265.
Eschbach JM, Van De Sype H, Jacob JL, 1984. Relationships between yield and clonal physiological characteristics of latex from Hevea brasiliensis, Physiologie Végétale 22, 295.
Gohet E. 1996. La production de latex par Hevea brasiliensis. Relation avec la croissance. Influence de différents facteurs : Origine clonale, stimulation hormonale, réserves hydrocarbonés. Thèse de doctorat d’Université, Université Montpellier II – Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France, p. 343.
Gohet E, Lacrotte R, Obouayeba S, Commère J. 1991. Tapping systems recommended in West Africa. Proceeding of Rubber Growers’ Conference, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, ed., Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie.
Gohet E, Prévôt JC, Eschbach JM, Clément A, Jacob JL. 1996. Clone, croissance et stimulation, facteurs de production de latex. Plantations, recherche, développement 3(1), 30-38.
Gomez JB. 1983. Physiology of latex (rubber) production. Malaysian Rubber Research and Board (MRRDB), Monograph n°8, Kuala Lumpur, p. 117.
Jacob JL, Eschbach JM, Prévot JC, Roussel D, Lacrotte R, Chrestin H, d’Auzac J. 1985a. Physiological basis for latex diagnosis of the functioning of the laticiferous system in rubber trees. Proceeding of Rubber Conference, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, ed., Kuala Lumpur.
Jacob JL, Prévôt JC, Lacrotte R. 1994. L’encoche sèche chez Hevea brasiliensis. Plantations, recherche, développement 1(3), 15-24.
Jacob JL, Serres E, Prévôt JC, Lacrotte R., Clément-Vidal A., Eschbach J.M. and d’Auzac J., 1988. Mise au point du diagnostic latex. Agritrop 12, 97-118.
Narayanan R, Ho CY, Chen KT. 1974. Clonal nursery studies in Hevea. III Correlations between yield, structural characters, latex constituents and plugging index. Journal of Rubber Research Institute of Malaya 24(1), 1-14.
Narayanan R, Ho CY. 1973. Clonal nursery studies in Hevea. II Relationship between yield and girth. Journal of Rubber Research Institute of Malaya 23(5), 332-338.
Obouayeba S. 2005. Contribution à la détermination de la maturité physiologique de l’écorce pour la mise en saignée d’Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) : Normes d’ouverture. Thèse de Doctorat, p. 225.
Obouayeba S, Boa D, Aké S, Lacrotte R.,2002. Influence of age and girth at opening on growth and productivity of Hevea. Indian Journal of Rubber Research 15(1), 66-71.
Obouayeba S, Boa D, Aké S. 2000. Critical age, bark growth and latex vessel formation as attributes for determination of tapping norms. Indian Journal of Rubber Research 13(1 & 2), 38-45.
Obouayeba S, Boa D, Gohet E, Dian K, Ouattara N, Keli J. 2000. Dynamics of vegetative growth of Hevea brasiliensis in determining tapping norms. J. Rubb. Res. 3(1), 53-62.
Obouayeba S, Boa D, Jacob JL. 1996b. Les performances du clone d’hévéa PB 217 en Côte d’Ivoire. Plantations, recherche, development 3(5), 346-354.
Obouayeba S, Boa D, Keli ZJ. 1996a. Adéquation entre quantité de pâte stimulante et production de caoutchouc d’Hevea brasiliensis dans le sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Tropicultura 14(2), 54-58.
Obouayeba S, Boa D. 1993. Fréquence et repos annuel de saignée d’Hevea brasiliensis, clone PB 235, dans le sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Cahiers Agricultures 2(6), 387-393.
Ouattara N. 1998. Contribution à la détermination d’une norme de mise en saignée d’Hevea brasiliensis en Côte d’Ivoire : cas du clone GT 1. Mémoire de fin d’études pour l’obtention du Diplôme d’Agronomie Approfondie (D.A.A). Option production végétale (Agronomie), p. 33.
Premakumari D., Panikkar A. O. N., Marattukalam J.G. and Sethuraj M. R., 1996. Yield and anatomical characters in Hevea: A path coefficient analysis and characterisation of clones. Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research 9(1), 12-16.
Prévot JC, Jacob JL, Lacrotte R, Vidal A, Serres E, Eschbach JM, Gigault J. 1986. Physiological parameters of latex from Hevea brasiliensis. Their use in the study of the laticiferous system. Typology of functioning production mechanisms. Effects of stimulation. In: IRRDB Physiology and Exploitation Meeting, Hainan, 1986, Pan Yanqing and Lhao Canwen Eds, South China Academy of Tropical Crops (Hainan). P. 136-157.
Raghavendra AS. 1991. Latex Exudation from Rubber Tree, Hevea brasiliensis. In: Physiology of trees – ed. A. S. Raghavendra. New York: John Wiley.
Sethuraj MR. 1981. Yield components in Hevea brasisliensis. Plant Cell and Environment 4, 81- 83.
Templeton JK. 1969. Partition of assimilates. Journal of Rubber Research Institute of Malaya 21, 259-273.
Wycherley PR. 1976. Tapping and partition. ournal of Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia 24(4), 169-194.
Obouayeba Samuel, Soumahin Francis Eric, Kouassi Kan Modeste, Coulibaly Lacina Fanlégué, Koffi Mathurin Okoma, Angelo Evariste Badou N’guessan, Kouamé Christophe, Aké Sévérin, 2012. Influence of age and girth at opening on rubber yield, biochemical and tapping panel dryness parameters of Hevea brasiliensis in determining tapping norms. Int. J. Biosci., 2(10), 1-18.
Copyright © 2012 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.