home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Domestic Animals of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/02/2019
Views (436) Download (22)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Domestic Animals of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Arab Hussain, Muhammad Zahid
Int. J. Biosci.14( 2), 514-520, February 2019.
Certificate: IJB 2019 [Generate Certificate]
Key: District CharsaddaDomestic animalsLatex agglutination testToxoplasmosis

Abstract

This study was conducted in to find out the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in domestic animals of District Charsadda. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a unicellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii which is cosmopolitan in distribution among the animals including domestic animals and human beings. Very little information is available about the infection rate of toxoplasmosis in domestic animals of District Charsadda, Pakistan. A total of 374 blood samples were collected from cows, buffaloes, sheep and goats and were tested by Latex agglutination test, out of which (79.7%) were found seropositive. Out of 260 females, (82.69%) were found infected while in 114 males (78.80%) were found infective. A high prevalence of (81.65%) was detected in age group above one year. Individual sex wise prevalence also revealed that females were more positive as compared to males. In male buffaloes, (76.92%) were positive while in females, (75.67%) were detected positive. In male goats (72.41%) were positive while in case of females, (84.78%) were found infective. The infection rate was higher in female sheep (91.42%) as compared to male sheep (84.78%). In male cows (69.23%) were detected seropositive while in females cows the infection rate was (73.77%). This increased rate of infection may be due to free access of cat to drinking water and other food sources as well as warm and humid conditions of the area.

VIEWS 22
Cover PDF

Afonso E. 2008. Spatial distribution of soil contamination by T. gondii in relation tocat defaecation behaviour in an urban area. International Journal of Parasitology 38, 1017-1023. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijpara. 2008.01.004.

Aldebret D, Hypolite M, Cavaillaes P, Touque B, Flori P, Loeuillet C, Cesbron-Delauw MF. 2011. Development of High-Throughput methods to quantify cysts of T. gondii. Cytometry Part A 79(11), 952-958. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.21138.

Alexander J, Stinson WH. 1988. Sex hormones and the course of parasitic infection. Parasitology Today 4, 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(88)9

Arnold SJ, Kinney MC, Mccormick MS, Dummer S, Scott MA. 1997. Disseminated toxoplasmosis. Unusual presentations in the immunocompromised host. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 12(8), 869-873.

Bisson A, Maley S, Rubaire-Akiiki CM, Watling JM. 2000. The seroprevalence of antibodies to T. gondii in domestic goats in Uganda. Acta Tropica 76, 33-38.

De Bhur K. 2008. T. gondii seroprevalence –current results in German swine herds. Archive Für Lebensmittelhygiene 59, 5-8.

Delair E. 2011. Clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 19, 91-102.

Dubey JP. 1994. Toxoplasmosis. J. American Veterinary Medical Association 205, 1593-1598.

Dubey JP. 2004. Toxoplasmosis – a waterborne zoonosis. Veterinary Parasitology, 126, 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.005.

Dubey JP. 2011. High prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from goats, from a retail meat store, destined for human consumption in the USA. Internatinal Journal for Parasitology 41, 827-833. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijpara.2011.03.006.

Dunn D. 1999. Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis risk estimates for clinical counselling. Lancet 353, 1829-1833. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01.

Engeland IV, Waldeland H, Andresen O, Løken T, Björkman C, Bjerkås I. 1998. Foetal loss in dairy goats: an epidemiological study in 22 herds. Small Ruminant Research 30, 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00084-4.

Halos L. 2010. An innovative survey underlining the significant level of contamination by T. gondii of ovine meat consumed in France. International Journal for Parasitology 40, 193-200. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.06.009.

Holliman RE. 1997. Toxoplasmosis, behaviour and personality. Journal of Infection 35, 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-4453(97)91380-3.

Innes EA. 2010. A brief history and overview of T.gondii. Zoonoses and Public health 57, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01276.x.

Ivana L, Olgica DD, Sofija KK, Aleksandra N. 2006. Cross sectional survey of T. gondii infection in cattle, sheep and pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and risk factors. Veternary Parasitology 135, 121-131.

Jittapalapong S, Sangvaranond A, Pinyopanuwat N, Chimnoi W, Khachaeram W, Koizumi S, Maruyama S. 2005. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in domestic goats in Satun Province, Thailand. Veternary Parasitology 127, 17-22.

Jones JL, Roberts JM. 2013. Toxoplasmosis hospitalizations in the United States. 2008, and Trends, 1993-2008. Clinical Infectious Disease 54(7), e58-e61.

Khan SN, Khan S, Ayaz S, Jan AH, Jehangir S, Attaullah S, Ali J, Shams S. 2011. Seroprevalance and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. World Applied Science Journal 14(7),1032-1036.

Kravetz JD, Federman DG. 2002. Cat-associated zoonoses. Archives of international Medicine 162, 1945-1952. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcpc059027.

Lilenbaum W. 2013. Immunohistochemical identification of T. gondii in tissues from Modified Agglutination Test positivesheep. Veterinary Parasitology 191, 347-52.

Lv YC, Cui JZ. 1994. Survey of T. gondii infection in pigs and cattle in Guangxi Province, China. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 3, 26.

Matsuo K, Husin DA. 1996. Survey of T. gondii antibodies in goats and cattle in Lampung Province, Indonesia.Southeast Asian. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 27, 554-5.

Menotti, Gustavo Vilela, Stephane Romand, Yves Jean-Francois Garin, Lionel Ades, Eliane Gluckman, Francis Derouin, Patricia Ribaud. 2003. Comparison of PCR-Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay and Real-Time PCR Assay for diagnosis of an unusual case of cerebral Toxoplasmosis in stem cell transplant recipient. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, 5313-5316.

Olivier A, Herbert B, Sava B, Pierre C, John DC, Aline DK. 2007. Surveillance and monitoring of Toxoplasma in humans, food and animals: a scientific opinion of the panel on biological hazards. The European Food Safety Association Journal 583, 1-64.

Oncel, Vural T. 2006. Occurance of T. gondii antibodies in sheep in Istanbul, Turkey. Veteninarski Arthiv 76, 547-557.

Ramzan M, Akhtar M, Muhammad F, Hussain I, Hiszczyńska- Sawicka E, Haq AU, Mahmood MS, Hafeez MA. 2009. Seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats in Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan. Tropical.Animal Health and Production 41, 1225-9.

Sadaruddin A, Agha F, Anwar F, Ghafoor A. 1991. Seroepidemiology of T. gondii infection in young school children in Islamabad. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 41, 131-134.

Sanad MM, Al-ghabban AJ. 2007. Serological survey on toxoplasmosis among slaughtered sheep and goats in Tabouk, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Egyptian Society of Parasitology 37, 329-340.

Sarkar MD, Anuradha B, Sharma N, Roy RN. 2012. Seropositivity of toxoplasmosis in antenatal women with bad obstetric history in a tertiary-care hospital of Andhra Pradesh, Indian Journal of Health Population and Nutrition 30, 87-92.

Selseleh M, Modarressi MH, Ali MM, Shojaee S, Eshragian MR, Selseleh M, Aziz E, Keshavarz H. 2012. Real-Time RT-PCR on SAG1 and BAG1 gene expression during stage conversion in immunosuppressed mice infected with T. gondii, Tehran. Strain. Korean. Journal of Parasitology 3, 199-205. https://dx.doi.org/10.3347%2Fkjp.2012.50.3.199.

Shah M, Zahid M, Asmat P, Sthanadar AA. 2013b. Seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats and sheep of district Mardan, Pakistan. International Journal of Bioscience 3, 90-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ ijb/3.7.90-97.

Shah M, Zahid M, Bibi B, Hussain A, Haroon M, Ali B. 2017. Chromatographic immunoassay based detection of of human toxoplasmosis in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology 6,1297-1305.

Shah M, Zahid M, Sthanadar AA, Ali PA. 2014. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Human Population of Mohmand Agency Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 44, 1169-1172.

Shah M, Zahid M, Sthanadar AA, Pir A, Kausar A, Jan AH. 2013a. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in domestic animals of Mohmand agency, Pakistan. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 1, 70-73. DOI: 10.12980/JCLM.1.2013C254.

Silva AF, Oliveira FC, Leite JS, Mello MF, Brandão FZ, Leite RI, Frazao-Teixeira E, Tasawar Z, Nawaz S, Lashari MH, Aziz F, Hayat CS. 2011. Seroprevalence of human Toxoplasmosis in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 9, 82-85.

Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. 2000. T. gondii: from animals to humans. International Journal of Parasitology 30, 1217-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00124-7.

Teshale S, Dumètre A, Dardé ML, Merga B, Dorchies P. 2007. Serological survey of caprine toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia: prevalence and risk factors. Parasite 14, 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1051/ parasite/2007142155.

Tzanidakis N, Maksimov P, Conraths FJ, Kiossis E, Brozos C, Sotiraki S, Schares G. 2012. T. gondii in sheep and goats: seroprevalence and potential risk factors under dairy husbandry practices. Veterinary Parasitology 190, 340-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.020.

Van Der Puije Wna, Bosompem KM, Canacoo EA, Wastling, Zakanmoribd JM. 2000. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in Ghanaiansheep and goats. Acta Tropica 76, 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(00)00084-X.

Webster JP. 2007. The effect of T. gondii on animal behavior: Playing cat and mouse. Schizophrenia bulletin 33(3), 752-756.

Yang N, Li H, He J, Mu M, Yang S. 2013. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in domestic sheep in Liaoning Province, northeastern China. Journal of Parasitology 99, 174-5.

Submit Manuscript