Production of exopolysaccharide by bifidobacteria and its viscometric analysis
Paper Details
Production of exopolysaccharide by bifidobacteria and its viscometric analysis
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide production by three Bifidobacterium strains was evaluated by optimizing two parameters (temperature and time). In addition, the role of EPS on viscosity of solutions was observed. Bacterial cultures were grown in MRS broth supplemented with 0.5 % (w/v) cysteine HCl in anaerobic conditions. Among the different time (24 h, 48 h and 72 h) and temperature (30ºC, 37ºC and 42ºC) conditions, high EPS production was observed at 42 ºC after 72 h of incubation. At these conditions maximum amount of EPS was produced by Bifidobacterium breve 11815 with the yield of 94.64 ± 0.25 ug/ml, followed by B. longum 11818 and B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 with the yield of 90.53 ± 0.34 ug/ml and 58.8 ± 0.25 ug/ml respectively. Viscometric analysis of EPS performed by viscometer showed highest viscosity of milk (23 ± 1.41 cp) by using EPS produced by B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12. This study suggests that the foods in which bifidobacteria are used as starter culture should be incubated at 42 ºC to obtain maximum probiotic dose and EPS. Finally, EPS produced by B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 can be used for reducing syneresis and improving texture and viscosity of food products.
Alp G, Aslim B. 2010. Relationship between the resistance to bile salts and low pH with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production of Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from infants feces and breast milk. Anaerobe 16(2), 101-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.06.006
Audy J, Labrie S, Roy D, LaPointe G. 2010. Sugar source modulates exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CRC 002. Microbiology 156(3), 653-64. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.033720-0
Béjar V, Llamas I, Calvo C, Quesada E. 1998. Characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by 19 halophilic strains of the species Halomonas eurihalina. Journal of biotechnology 61(2), 135-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(98)00024-8
Bouzar F, Cerning J, Desmazeaud M. 1997. Exopolysaccharide production and texture-promoting abilities of mixed-strain starter cultures in yogurt production. Journal of Dairy Science 80(10), 2310-7. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76181-2
De Vuyst L, Degeest B. 1999. Heteropolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. FEMS microbiology reviews 23(2), 153-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00395.x
Degeest B, Vaningelgem F, De Vuyst L. 2001. Microbial physiology, fermentation kinetics, and process engineering of heteropolysaccharide production by lactic acid bacteria. International Dairy Journal 11(9), 747-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00118-2
Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PT, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical chemistry 28(3), 350-6. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a01
Fanning S, Hall LJ, Van Sinderen D. 2012. Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 surface exopolysaccharide production is a beneficial trait mediating commensal-host interaction through immune modulation and pathogen protection. Gut microbes 3(5), 420-5. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.20630
Gamar‐Nourani L, Blondeau K, Simonet JM.1998. Influence of culture conditions on exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain C83. Journal of Applied Microbiology 85(4), 664-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1998.00574.x
Gancel F, Novel G. 1994. Exopolysaccharide production by Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus cultures. 1. Conditions of production. Journal of Dairy Science 77(3), 685-8. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77001-6
Grobben GJ, Van Casteren WH, Schols HA, Oosterveld A, Sala G, Smith MR, Sikkema J, De Bont JA. 1997. Analysis of the exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 grown in continuous culture on glucose and fructose. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 48(4), 516-21.
Kerry RG, Patra JK, Gouda S, Park Y, Shin HS, Das G. 2018. Benefaction of probiotics for human health: A review. Journal of food and drug analysis 26(3), 927-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.002
Ayala-Hernández I, Hassan AN, Goff HD, Corredig M. 2009. Effect of protein supplementation on the rheological characteristics of milk permeates fermented with exopolysaccharide-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. Food Hydrocolloids 23(5), 1299-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.11.004
Hughes KR, Harnisch LC, Alcon-Giner C, Mitra S, Wright CJ, Ketskemety J, van Sinderen D, Watson AJ, Hall LJ. 2017. Bifidobacterium breve reduces apoptotic epithelial cell shedding in an exopolysaccharide and MyD88-dependent manner. Open biology 7(1), 160155. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.160155
Ismail B, Nampoothiri KM. 2010. Production, purification and structural characterization of an exopolysaccharide produced by a probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 9510. Archives of microbiology 192(12), 1049-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-010-0636-
Mende S, Rohm H, Jaros D. 2016. Influence of exopolysaccharides on the structure, texture, stability and sensory properties of yoghurt and related products. International Dairy Journal 52, 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.08.002
Mozzi F, de Giori GS, Oliver G, de Valdez GF. 1996. Exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus casei under controlled pH. Biotechnology Letters 18(4), 435-9.
Ninomiya K, Matsuda K, Kawahata T, Kanaya T, Kohno M, Katakura Y, Asada M, Shioya S. 2009. Effect of CO2 concentration on the growth and exopolysaccharide production of Bifidobacterium longum cultivated under anaerobic conditions. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 107(5), 535-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.12.015
Novik G, Sidarenka A, Rakhuba D, Kolomiets E. 2009. Cryopreservation of bifidobacteria and bacteriophages in Belarusian collection of non-pathogenic microorganisms. Journal of Culture Collections 6(1), 76-84.
Ostlie HM, Treimo J, Narvhus JA. 2005. Effect of temperature on growth and metabolism of probiotic bacteria in milk. International Dairy Journal 15(10), 989-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.08.015
Petry S, Furlan S, Crepeau MJ, Cerning J, Desmazeaud M. 2000. Factors affecting exocellular polysaccharide production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus grown in a chemically defined medium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66(8), 3427-31. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.8.3427-3431.200
Prasanna PH, Grandison AS, Charalampopoulos D. 2012. Effect of dairy-based protein sources and temperature on growth, acidification and exopolysaccharide production of Bifidobacterium strains in skim milk. Food Research International 47(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.01.004
Reid G, Gadir AA, Dhir R. 2019. Probiotics: reiterating what they are and what they are not. Frontiers in Microbiology 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00424
Roy D. 2001. Media for the isolation and enumeration of bifidobacteria in dairy products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 69(3), 167-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00496-2
Sánchez JI, Martínez B, Guillén R, Jiménez-Díaz R, Rodríguez A. 2006 Culture conditions determine the balance between two different exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus pentosus LPS26. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72(12), 7495-502. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01078-0
Sengupta D, Datta S, Biswas D. 2018. Towards a better production of bacterial exopolysaccharides by controlling genetic as well as physico-chemical parameters. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 102(4), 1587-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8745-7
Sutherland IW. 1998. Novel and established applications of microbial polysaccharides. Trends in biotechnology 16(1), 41-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01139-6
Tallon R, Bressollier P, Urdaci MC. 2003. Isolation and characterization of two exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus plantarum EP56. Research in Microbiology 154(10), 705-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2003.09.006
Torino MI, Taranto MP, Sesma F, De Valdez GF. 2001. Heterofermentative pattern and exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15807 in response to environmental pH. Journal of Applied Microbiology 91(5), 846-52. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01450.x
Yang Z, Staaf M, Widmalm G, Tenhu H. 1999. Separation, purification and characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides produced by slime-forming Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris strains. International Dairy Journal 9(9), 631-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00133-8
Zhang YU, Li S, Zhang C, Luo Y, Zhang H, Yang Z. 2011. Growth and exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus fermentum F6 in skim milk. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(11), 2080-91. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.539
Zisu B, Shah NP. 2003. Effects of pH, temperature, supplementation with whey protein concentrate, and adjunct cultures on the production of exopolysaccharides by Streptococcus thermophilus 1275. Journal of dairy science 86(11), 3405-15. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73944-7
Sham Lal, Nisar Ahmed Kanhar, Pardeep Kumar, Om Parkash, Anwar Hussain Phulpoto, Majid Ali Maitlo, Muzafar Hussain Sirohi, Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar, Abdul Majid Ansari, Safdar Ali Ujjan, Javed Ahmed Ujjan, Majeeda Ruk, Sapna, Hamid B. Ghoddusi, 2019. Production of exopolysaccharide by bifidobacteria and its viscometric analysis. Int. J. Biosci., 14(5), 315-323.
Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.