Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) leaf meal as phytobiotic feed supplement improves the production performance of growing Japanese Quails
Paper Details
Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) leaf meal as phytobiotic feed supplement improves the production performance of growing Japanese Quails
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to determine the chemical composition of papaya leaf meal (PLM) and its effects on the production performance of growing Japanese quails. One hundred twenty female Japanese quails were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design experimental set-up. The Japanese quails were fed with commercial ration supplemented with graded levels of papaya leaf meal, 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), and 15% (T4). The bi-weekly body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG), voluntary feed intake (VFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed within 42 days experimental period. The chemical composition of PLM contains 10.72% moisture, 89.28% dry matter, 32.13% crude protein, 1.08% P, 3.34% K, 0.70% Ca, 0.19% Mg, 0.03 Fe (ppm), 0.0048 Zn (ppm), 0.03 Mn (ppm), and 0.0019 Cu (ppm). The results showed significant differences (p<0.01) on the final weight, and quails fed with 5% PLM is heavier than those fed without PLM. The VFI of the Japanese quails supplemented with 5% PLM is statistically comparable (p<0.01) to the quails fed with 0% and 10% PLM, while quails supplemented with 15% PLM got the lowest feed intake. Numerically, quails fed with 5% PLM improved the BWG, ADG, and FCR compared to the quails fed with 0%, 10%, and 15% PLM. In conclusion, 5% PLM as phytobiotic feed supplements into the diet of Japanese quails revealed better results without adverse effects on the economic traits and growth performance of growing Japanese quails.
Adesuyi AO, Ipinmoroti KO. 2011. The nutritional and functional properties of the seed flour of three varieties of Carica papaya. Current Research in Chemistry 3(1), 70-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/crc.2011.70.75
Adetuyi FO, Akinadewo LT, Omosuli SV, Lola A. 2008. Antinutrient and antioxidant quality of waxed and unwaxed pawpaw Carica papaya fruit stored at different temperatures. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(16), 2920-2924.
Agbede JO, Aletor VA. 2004. Chemical characterization and protein quality evaluation of leaf protein concentrates from Glyricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 39, 253-261.
Alkan S, Karabag K, Galic A, Karsli T, Balcioglu MS. 2010. Determination of Body Weight and Some Carcass Traits in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of different lines. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 16(2), 277-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2009.687
AOAC. 2016. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists. 20th ed. Washington, D.C., USA.
BAR. 2012. Bureau of Agricultural Research. Poultry/1334-chicken-production. http://www.bar.gov.ph/agfishtech-home/livestock-poultry/216-
Beski SSM, Swick RA, Iji PA. 2015. Specialized protein products in broiler chicken nutrition: A review. Animal Nutrition 1(2), 47-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2015.05.005
Bitancor CE. 2008. Growing and Laying Responses of Quail Fed with Varying Levels of Tricanthera gigantea Leaf Meal. Masters of Science. College of Agriculture. Department of Animal Science, VSU, Visca, Baybay, Leyte.
Bolu SAO, Sola-Ojo FR, Olorunsanya OA, Idris K. 2009. Effect of Graded Levels of Papaw (Carica papaya) Seed on the Performance, Haematology, Serum Biochemistry and Carcass Evaluation of Chicken Broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 8(9), 905-909.
Capitan S. 2003. The Science and Practice of Quail Production. College of Agriculture. University of the Philippines Los Banos College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
D’Mello JPF. 1995. Leguminous leaf meals in Non-ruminant nutrition. In tropical legumens in Animal Nutrition. 1st ed. Wellingfox, Oxon, A.B International p 247-280.
Ebenebe CI, Itedue O, Ebere-Ohameje TC, Okonkwo JC. 2011. Fortification of the Nutririve Value of Mushroom (Termitomyces microcarpus) with Pawpaw Leaf Meal for Broiler Chicks Diet. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 10(2), 155-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2011.155.158
Feroza A, Arijo AG, Zahid IR. 2017. Effect of papaya and neem seeds on Ascaridia galli infection in broiler chicken. Pakistan Journal of Nematology 35(1), 105-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18681/pjn.v35.i01.p105-111
Genchev A, Mihaylova G, Ribarski S, Pavlov A, Kabakchiev M. 2008. Meat quality and composition in Japanese quails. Trakia Journal of Sciences 6(4), 72-82.
Hamito D. 2010. Considerations in buying feed for sheep and goat production. Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program (ESGPIP), p 13
Haruna MA, Odunsi AA. 2018. Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Dried Pawpaw (Carica Papaya Linn.) Latex. Journal of World Poultry Research 8(2), 31-36.
Hasanah E. 2005. Pengaruh Penambahan Antioksidan dan Pengkelat Logam Terhadap Aktifitas Proteolitik Enzim Papain. Skripsi Fakultas MIPA-IPB. Bogor.
Jaya A, Soriano M, Vallador D, Intong R, Carpentero B. 2008. Utilization of Madre De Agua (Trichanthera gigantea var. guianensis) Leaf Meal As Feed For Growing-Finishing Pigs. Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 34(2), 118-126.
Julianti T, Oufir M, Hamburger M. 2014. Quantification of the Antiplasmodial Alkaloid Carpaine in Papaya. Planta Medica 80, 1138–1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1382948
Kanyinji F, Zulu C. 2014. Effects of Partially Replacing Soybean Meal in Grower Diets with Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Leaf Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Japanese Quails (Cortunix japonica). International Journal of Livestock Research 4(5), 7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20140729121259
Khan RU, Chand N, Ali A. 2016. Effect of Organic Acids on the Performance of Japanese Quails. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 48(6), 1799-1803.
Mapatac L. 2017. Potency of Medicinal Leaves in the GrowthPerformance of Broiler Chicks. Recolitos Multidisciplinary Research Journal 3(1), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj1503.01.16
Mutayoba SK, Dierenfeld E, Mercedes VA, Frances Y, Knight CD. 2011. Determination of chemical composition and ant-nutritive components for tanzanian locally available poultry feed ingredients. International Journal of Poultry Science 10(5), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.350.357
Nath R, Dutta M. 2016. Phytochemical and Proximate Analysis of Papaya (Carica papaya) Leaves. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 3(2), 85-87.
Odunsi AA, Farinu GO, Akinola JO, Togun VA. 1999. Growth, carcass characteristics and body compositions of broiler chickens fed wild flower (Tithonia diversifolia) forage meal. Tropical Animal Production Investigation 2, 205-211.
Onyimonyi AE, Ernest O. 2009. An assessment of Pawpaw leaf meal as protein ingredient for finishing broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science 8(10), 995-998.
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development. (PCAARRD). 2000. The Philippines Recommends for Livestock Feed Formulation 64, 36-81.
PNS/BAFPS. 2008. Code of Good Animal HusbandryPractices. Philippine National Standard Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Product Standards 60, 1-14.
Tarhyel R, Hena SA, Tanimomo BK. 2012. Effects of age on organ weight and carcass characteristics of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). Scientific Journal of Agricultural 1(1), 21-26.
Keiven Mark B. Ampode, 2019. Papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) leaf meal as phytobiotic feed supplement improves the production performance of growing Japanese Quails. Int. J. Biosci., 14(5), 533-540.
Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.