home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from healthy students of Delta State University Abraka South South, Nigeria

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/10/2018
Views (400) Download (12)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and erythromycin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from healthy students of Delta State University Abraka South South, Nigeria

Anie Clement Oliseloke, Enwa Felix Oghenemaro, Jemikalaja Daniel Johnson, Okubuzor Benjamin
Int. J. Biosci.13( 4), 158-165, October 2018.
Certificate: IJB 2018 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Escherichia coliNostrilsResistanceStaphylococcus aureusUrine

Abstract

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus have been identified to be amongst the key causes of hospital acquired infections worldwide. These microorganisms have been known for their high tendency to build up resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics that can render previously potent drugs ineffective. This study determined the frequency and susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus nasal isolates from healthy students of Delta State University Abraka South South, Nigeria. The nasal and urine samples were collected and immediately inoculated on solidified Mannitol salt agar and on solid Mac Conkey agar respectively and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Ideal biochemical tests were carried out to identify each microorganism isolated. Out of one hundred (100) samples collected, 53 organisms were positively identified to be bacterial isolates.  Nineteen (38%) strains of S. aureus and 3 (6%) other S. spp were isolated.  Total number of Gram-negative bacteria from the urine samples is 32 bacterial isolates. Of the 32 predominant was twelve Proteus mirabilis (24%), followed by Citrobacter freundii (12%), and Aeromonas hydrophilia (12%), next is Proteus vulgaris(6%), E. coli isolates (4%) while Pseudomonas aeroginosa  (4%) and one strain of Alcaligenes feacalis (2%) was isolated. The antimicrobial resistance pattern shows that all the bacterial isolates had no resistance to ciprofloxacin. S. aureus showed some level of resistance to amoxicillin (10.5%) while erythromycin is(20 %). E coli showed complete resistance to amoxicillin (100%) and erythromycin (100%). Thus, it can be inferred that ciprofloxacin can be more effective in treating infections caused by the test microorganisms, than amoxicillin and erythromycin.

VIEWS 18
Cover PDF

Anderson SR, Saadbye P, Shukri NM, Roserquist H, Nielson NL, Boel M. 2006.      Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter jujeni strains isolated from raw poultry meat at retail level in Denmark. International Journal of Food Microbiolgy 107(3), 250-255.

Bauer FJ, Kirby, WMM, Sherris JC, Truck M. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard single disc method. Antimicrobial Journal of Clinical Pathology 45(4), 493-496.

Chalkley LJ, Koornhof HJ. 1985. Antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Shaphylo coccus aureus determined by the killing curve method: Antibiotic comparisons and synergistic interactions. American Society of Microbiology 28 (2), 331-342.

Cheesbrough M. 2006. Distric laboratory practice in Tropical countries part 2 (2nd edition) Cambridge University press.

Chikere CB, Chikere, B.O, Omoni VT. 2008. Antibiogram of clinical isolates from hospital in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(28), 4359-4363.

Dellit TH, Owens RC, Mc Gowaan JE. 2007. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Guidelines for Developing an Institutional Program to Enhance Antimicrobial Stewardship. Clinical Infectious Diseases 44(2), 159-177. European Antimicrobial Resistant Surviellance Network (EARS- Net)2016

Guillermo M, Ruiz P. 2007. The health burden of Campylobacter infections and impact of Antimicrobial resistance. Play my chicken. Journal of Clinical infectious Diseases 44(5), 701-703.

Stephen PD, Norman H, Sean PG, Brendan FG. 2013. Hugo and Russell’s Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 8th edition, Nepal, 117-233.

Jocelyn YA, Elais E, Basim IA. 2004. Antibacterial resistance. Indian Journal of Pediatrics 71(3), 154.

Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. 2013. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 12thedition, Lance, 790-839.

Khushal R.  2004 Prevalence, characterization and development of resistance pattern in indigenous clinical isolates against cephalosporins. Ph.D Thesis. Department of Biological Sciences/ Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, p 1-10.

Leclereg R, Courvalin P. 2002. Resistance to macrolides and related antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy 46(9), 2727-2734.

Mavroidi A, Miriagou V, Liakopoulos A, Tzelepi E, Stefos A, Dalekos GN. 2012. Ciprofloxacin-resistance Esherichia coli in Central Greece: mechanisms of resistance and molecular identification. BMC Infectious Diseases 12(8), 22-28.

Nawaz SK, Raiz S, Hasnain S. 2009. Screening for anti-meticillin resistance Staphylococcus aureusbacteriocin producing bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology 8(3), 365-368.

Nkang  AO, Okonko IO, Mejeha OK, Adewale OG, Udeze AO, Fowotade A, Fajobi AE, Adedeji AO, Babalola ET. 2009. Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of some selected clinical isolates from laboratories in Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials 1(2), 019-026.

Okeke IN, Aboderin OA, Byarugaba DK, Ojo KK, Opintan JA. 2007. Growing problems of multi-resistant enteric pathogens in Africa. Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2(2), 15-21.

Okonko IO, Soleye FA, Amusan TA, AA, Ogunnusi TA, Ejembi J. 2009. Incidence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) Organisms in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria. Global journal Pharmacology. 3(2), 69-80.

Olowu WA, Oyetunji TG. 2003. Nosocomial significant bacteriuria prevalence and pattern of bacterial pathogens among children hospitalized for non-infective urinary tract disorders. West African Journal of Medicine 22(1), 72-75.

Oteo  J, Campus J, Baquero F. 2002. Antibiotic resistance in 1962 invasive isolates of Escherichia coli in 27 Spanish hospitals participating in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System 2001. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 50(4), 945-952.

Rosata A,  Vicarini H, Leclercq C. 1999. Inducible or constitutive expression of resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 43(4), 559-562.

Sabir S, Anjum AA, Ijaz T, Ali MA, Khan MR, Nawaz M. 2014. Isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 30(2), 389-392.

Siddiqui T, Naqvi SB, Alam N, Bashir L, Naz G, Baig MT, Tasleem S. 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin and cefepime against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 4(2), 2229-5518.

Spellberg B, Powers JH, Brass EP, Miller LG, Edwards JE Jr. 2004. Trends in antimicrobial drug development: implications for the future. Clinical Infectious Diseases 38, 1279-1286.

Sirijan S, Nitaya I. 2016. Mechanism of antimicrobial Resisitance in ESKAPE pathogens, Biomed Res. Int. 245067. http://dx.doi.org/101115/2016/2475067.

Talbot GH, Bradley J, Edwards JE Jr, Gilbert D, Scheld M, Bartlett JG. 2006. Bad bugs need drugs: an update on the development pipeline from the Antimicrobial Availability Task Force of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases 42(5), 657-668.

Ugwu MC, Anie CO, Ibezim EC, Esimone CO. 2016. Antimicrobial Evaluation of Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal carriage amongst healthy Students in Agbor, Delta state, Nigeria.  Archives of Clinical Microbiology 7(2), 13.

World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCCDSM). 1999. Anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification index including defined daily doses (DDDs) for plain substances. Olso: The Center.

Zhannel GG, Frontaire S, Adam H, Schurek K, Mayer M, Moreddin AG, Rubinstein A, Hoban DJ. 2006. A review of Fluoroquinolones: focus on their use in respiratory tract infections. Journal of Treatments in Respiratory Medicine 5(6), 437-465.

Submit Manuscript