Assessment of physico-chemical diversity and yellow rust resistance in commercial wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)
Paper Details
Assessment of physico-chemical diversity and yellow rust resistance in commercial wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cultivated crops in the world. Research studies were carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity between wheat genotypes using morphological and biochemical traits and to assess the performance of wheat genotypes under elevated disease pressure and to distinguish genotypes having adult plant resistance, by evaluating them in a field trap nursery. Mean values revealed that two commercial cultivars Bathoor-08 and Zam-04 produced highest grain yield per plot. Whereas correlation and cluster analysis showed that plant height, days to 50 % heading, number of tiller per plant, peduncle length and harvest index have significant relationship with each other, hence these traits were responsible for most of variation among cultivars. Biplot and dendrogram verified that eight commercial cultivars like Pirsabak-2005, Zam-04, Td-01, Bathoor-08, Narc-2009, NIFA-Barsat-09, Meraj-08 and Seren as more diverse among all the cultivars. Similarly, in biochemical analysis antioxidant activity was recorded maximum for NIFA-Barsat-09 (44.09) and phenolic were found maximum in Atta-Habib (52.9 mg GAE/g).Yellow rust severity recorded for commercial cultivars of wheat indicated that cultivarsFaisalabad-08, NARC-2009, TD-1, Pirsabak-2008, KT-2000, Janbaz and Dharrabi-11 showed complete resistance. While Pirsabak 2005, Sehar -2006, Bathoor-08, NARC-2011, Seren, Pakistan-2013, Atta-Habib, Shahkar-13, NIFA-Barsat, Pirsabak-13 and NIFA-Lilma showed moderate resistance ranging from 5MR to 40MR.
Literature Cited Akram Z, Ajmal SU, Munir M. 2008. Estimation of correlation coefficient among some yield parameters of wheat under rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(4), 1777-1781.
Anonymous. 2017. Pakistan Economic Survey 2016-17 Statistic division, Federal Bureau of Statistics. Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad.23p.
Ashfaq S, Ahmad HM, Awan SI, Kang SA, Sarfraz M, Ali MA. 2014. Estimation of genetic variability, heritibility and correlation for some morphological traits in spring wheat. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 4(5), 10- 16.
Baloch MJ, Baloch E, Jatoi WA, Veesar NF. 2013. Correlations and heritability estimates of yield and yield attributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Agricultural Engineering Veterinary Sciences, 29(2), 96-105.
Beddow JM, Pardey PG, Chai Y, Hurley TM, Kriticosandj DJ, Braun C. 2015. Research investment implications of shifts in the global geography of wheat stripe rust. Nature Plants,1:15132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.132
Chen XM. 2014. Integration of Cultivar Resistance and Fungicide Application for Control of Wheat Stripe Rust. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 36, 311-326.
Ghafoor K, Choi YH. 2009. Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidants from grape peel through response surface methodology. Journal of Korean Society for Applied Biology and Chemistry, 52, 295-300.
Hatano T, Kagawa H, Yasuharaand T, Okuda T. 1988. Two new flavonoids and other constituents in licore root their relative astringency and radical scavenging affects. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36, 2090-2097.
Iftikhar I, Khaliq I, Ijaz M, Rashid MAR. 2012. Association Analysis of grain yield and its components in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental sciences 12(3), 389-392.
Kumar M, Kuma S, Kaur S. 2011. Investigations on DNA protective and antioxidant potential of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(3), 421-427.
Lacko B, Kosík T, Kobida L. 2013. Free flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of winter wheat in sustainable farming systems. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2(1), 2099-2107.
Leogering WQ. 1959. Methods for recording cereal rust data USDA international SWRN.
Peterson RF, Campbell AB, Hannah AE. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research, 26, 496-500.
Liu RH. 2007. Whole grain phytochemicals and health. Journal of Cereal Science, 46, 207–219.
Miller JD, Apsimon JW, Blackwell BA, Greenhalgh R, Taylor A. 2001. Deoxynivalenol: A 25 year perspective on a trichothecene of agricultural importance. In: Fusarium: Paul E. Nelson Memorial Symposium, American Phytopathological Society Saint Paul, 310–320p.
Mostafa K, Mohammad H, Mohammad M. 2011. Genetic diversity of wheat genotype baspdon cluster and principal component analyses for breeding strategies. Australian Journal of Crop Sciences 5, 17-24.
Okarter N. 2011. Phenolic extracts from insoluble- bound fraction of whole wheat inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Life Sciences Research 38, 1-10.
Peterson RF, Campbell AB, Hannah AE. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research 26, 496-500.
Porto M, Soares M, Caramaschi U. 2000. A new species of Leposternon (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a key to the species of the genus (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, 412, 1-10.
Singh RP, Singh PK, Rutkoski J, Hodson D, He X, Jorgensen LN. 2016. Disease impact on wheat yield potential and prospects of genetic control. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 54, 303–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annualreviewofphytopathology-080615-095835
Wheat, Yellow rust, Diversity, Puccinia striiformis, Biochemical, 2017. Assessment of physico-chemical diversity and yellow rust resistance in commercial wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res., 11(6), 9-22.
Copyright © 2017 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.