Carbon source and lifting of recalcitrance to the induction of somatic embryos in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Paper Details
Carbon source and lifting of recalcitrance to the induction of somatic embryos in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
Abstract
In cocoa trees, genetic improvement has allowed the development of elite high-producing varieties. Unfortunately, the plant’s natural method of multiplication comes up against certain difficulties which do not allow sufficient improved material to be available and to have homogeneous plantings. This work aimed to develop a method for mass production by in vitro culture of improved materials deemed recalcitrant to somatic embryogenesis. Different concentrations of glucose, sucrose and fructose were used to induce the production of embryos of four improved and recalcitrant genotypes to somatic embryogenesis coded C8, C14, C15 and C16. The plant material consisted of petal and staminode explants. The best results which are characterized by levels of callus embryogenesis and the number of somatic embryos of 30% and 20, respectively, were obtained with glucose at a concentration of 30 g/L. This study has shown that it is possible to produce somatic embryos in these improved varieties, thus removing the recalcitrance of these genotypes to somatic embryogenesis. The availability of improved material, consisting of identical plants, will allow the creation of more homogeneous plantations with high yields.
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