Detection and discrimination of Theileria species infection by using PCR amplification in small ruminants in and around Multan, Pakistan
Paper Details
Detection and discrimination of Theileria species infection by using PCR amplification in small ruminants in and around Multan, Pakistan
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine prevalence of Theilera species infection and risk factors involved in spread of theileriosis in sheep and goats in and around Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy small ruminants comprising sheep (n=161) and goats (n=39) from different sampling sites of Multan, Pakistan, from randomly selected herds. Data on animal characteristics i.e. species, age, gender as well as herd characteristics was collected from through questionnaires. Microscopic examination revealed 7.0% blood samples positive while PCR DNA amplification revealed 22.5% samples positive for Theileria species infection which produced 1098 base pairs DNA fragment of 18S ssu rRNA. Sheep were found significantly (P < 0.05) more infected with theileriosis (17.5%) than goats i.e. (5.0%). 12.5% blood samples produced 785 base pairs DNA fragment considered positive for T. lestoquardi while 6.0% samples produced 520 base pairs DNA fragment considered positive for T. ovis . Theileria lestoquardi infection was found 11.8% and 15.3% while T. ovis infection was found 5.6% and 7.7% in sheep and goats respectively (P < 0.05). Mixed herds (containing both sheep and goats) and herds having animals with age group ≤ 1 year are at more risk of Theileria piroplasmic infection. The present study revealed PCR is more reliable diagnostic tool for theileriosis in small ruminants and can be used for screening of Theileria infection in order to improve the livestock production in Pakistan.
Aktas M, Altay K, Dumanli N. 2005. Survey of Theileriaparasites of sheep in eastern Turkey using polymerase chain reaction. Small Ruminant Research 60, 289-293.
Allsopp BA, Baylis HA, Allsopp MT, Cavalier-Smith T, Bishop RP, Carrington DM, Sohanpal B, Spooner P. 1993. Discrimination between six species of Theileria using oligonucleotide probes which detect small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. Parasitology 107, 157-165.
Altay K, Aydin MF, Uluisik U, Aktas M, Dumanli N. 2008. Use of multiplex PCR for the diagnosis of Theileria annulata and Theileria buffeli. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 32, 1–3.
Altay K, Dumanli N, Aktas M. 2012. Molecular identification, genetic diversity and distribution of Theileria and Babesia species infecting small ruminants. Veterinary Parasitology 47, 161-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/vetper.2007.04.001
Altay K, Dumanli N, Patricia J, Holman B, Aktas M. 2005.Detection of Theileria ovis in naturally infected sheep by nested PCR. Veterinary Parasitology 127, 99-104.
Anonymous. 2015. Economic survey of Pakistan. Finance Division, Economic Advisors Wing, Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. 377-382 P.
Durrani S, Khan Z, Khattack RM, Andleeb M, Ali M, Hameed M, Taqddas A, Faryal M, Kiran S, Anwar H, Riaz M, Sajjid M, Sheikh RS, Ali M, Iqbal F. 2012. A comparison the presence of Theileria ovis by PCR amplification of their SSU RNA gene in small ruminants from two provinces of Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical biomedicine 2, 43-47.
Durrani AZ, Younus M, Kamal N, Mehmood N, Shakoori AR. 2011. Prevalence of Ovine TheileriaSpecies in district Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 43, 57-60.
El Hussein AM, ElGhali A, Mohammed SA. 1993. Efficacy of buparvaquone in the treatment of malignant theileriosis of sheep in Ed-Damer Province, N. State, Sudan: a field trial. Sudan Journal of Veterinary Research 12, 51–57.
Fuente DL, Estrada-Pen JA, Venzal JM, Kocan KM, Sonenshine DE. 2008. Ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause diseases in human and animals. Frontier Bioscience 13, 6938-6946. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/fbs.3200
Gasser RB, Monti JR, Zhu XQ, Chilton N B, Hung, GC, Guldberg P. 1997. Polymerase chain reaction-linked single-strand conformation polymorphism of ribosomal DNA to fingerprint parasites. Electrophoresis 18, 1564-1566.
Ghosh S, Bansal GC, Gupta C, Ray D, Khan, MQ, Irshad H, Shahiduzzaman M, Seitzer U, Ahmed JS. 2007. Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitology Research 101, 207- 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0436-007-684-7
Guo S, Yuan Z, Wang GWW, Denglu M, Hongde D. 2002. Epidemiology of ovine theileriosis in Ganan region, Gansu Province, China. Parasitolology Research 88, 36-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0436-001-0568-1
Heidarpour BM, Haddadzadeh HR, Kazemi B, Khazraiinia P, Bandehpour M, Aktas M. 2009. Molecular identification of ovine Theileria species by a new PCR RFLP method. Veterinary Parasitology 161, 171–177.
Heidarpour BM, Khazraiinia P, Had-Dadzadeh HR, Kazemi B. 2010. Identification of Theileria species in sheep in the eastern half of Iran using nested PCR-RFLP and mi- croscopic techniques. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 11, 262-26.
Iqbal F, Khattak RM, Ozubek S, Khattak MNK, Rasul A, Aktas M. 2013. Application of the Reverse Line Blot Assay for the molecular detection of Theileria and Babesia spp. in sheep and goats blood samples from Pakistan. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 8, 289-295.
Irshad N, Qayyum M, Hussain M, Khan QM. 2010. Prevalence of tick infestation and theileriosis in sheep and goats. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 30, 178-180.
Kirvar E, BIlhan T, Katzer F, Wilkie G, Hooshmand-Rad P, Brown D. 1998. Detection of Theileria lestoquardi (hirci) in ticks, sheep, and goats using polymerase chain reaction. Annals of New York Acadamy of Sciences 849, 52-62.
Leemans I, Brown D, Fossum C, Hooshmand-Rad P, Kirvar E, Wilkie G, Uggla A. 1999. Infectivity and cross-immunity studies of Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria annulata in sheep and cattle: II. In vitro studies. Veterinary Parasitology 82, 193-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(99)-00014-X
Luo J, Yin H. 1997. Theileriosis of sheep and goats in China. Tropical Animal Health Production 29, 8S-10S.
Naz S, Maqbool A, Ahmed S, Ashraf K, Ahmed N, Saeed K, Latif M, Iqbal J, Ali Z, Shafi K, Nagra A, 2012. Prevalence of theleriosis in small ruminants in Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2, 216-220.
Niyonzema A, Kiltz HH. 1986. Control of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Burundi. Australion Centre for International Agriculture Research Proceedings. 17, 16–7.
Razmi GR, Hosseini M, Aslani MR. 2003. Identification of tick vectors of ovine theileriosis in an endemic region of Iran. Veterinary Parasitology 116, 1-6.
Rehman ZU, Khan MS, Awais M, Aleem M, Shabbir MZ, Khan JA. 2010. Prevalence of theileriosis in sheep in Okara district, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 42, 639-643.
Sayin F, Nalbantoglu S, Bayram BA, Çkakmak A, Karer Z. 2009. Epidemiological studies on sheep and goat Theilåria infection. Ankqra Universitei Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 56, 127-129.
Saeed S, Jahangir M, Fatima M, Shaikh RS, Khattak RM, Ali M, Iqbal F. 2015. PCR based detection of Theileria lestoquardi in apparently healthy sheep and goats from two districts in Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa (Pakistan). Tropical Biomedicine32, 225–232 .
Sajid MS, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Muhammad G. 2008. Point Prevalence of hard ticks infesting domestic ruminants of lower Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture Biology 10, 349-51.
Shahzad W, Noor H, Ahmad MD, Munir R, Saghar MS, Mushtaq MH, Ahmad N, Akbar G, Mehmood F. 2013. Prevalence and Molecular Diagnosis of Babesia ovis and Theileria ovis in Lohi Sheep at Livestock Experiment Station (LES), Bahadurnagar, Okara, Pakistan. Iranianian Journal of Parasitology 8, 570-578.
Shaikh RS, Ramzan K, Nazil S, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. 2004. A new locus for non syndromic deafness DFNB maps to chromosomes 11p13-p12. American Journal of Medicine and Genetics Annals 138. 392-395.
Soulsby EJ. 1982. Helminths arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th Ed., Bailliere Tindalland Cassel Ltd., London, UK. 579-581.
Telmadarraiy Z, Oshaghi MA, Hosseini Vasoukolaei N, Yaghoobi Ershadi MR, Babamahmoudi F, Mohtarami F. 2012. First molecular detection of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 5, 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)-60240-X
Uilenberg G. 1997. General review of tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats worldwide. Parassitologia 39, 161-165.
Urquhart GM, Armour J, Duncan JL, Dunn AM. Jennings FW. 1996. Veterinary Parasitilogy. 2nd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, London, 246-2 P.
Woldehiwet Z. 2007.Tick-bornediseases .In: Aitken, I. D.(eds.) Diseases of Sheep,4thed., Blackwell publishingLtd, Oxford, 353-354 P.
Yin H, Schnittger L, Luo J, Seitzer U, Ahmad JS. 2007. Ovine theileriosis in China: a new look at an old story. Parasitology Research 101, 191- 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0689-2
Zaeemi M, Haddadzadeh H, Khazaiinia P, Kazemi R, Bandehpour M. 2011. Identification of different Theileria species (Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria ovis and Theileria annuluta ) in naturally infected sheep using nested PCR-RFLP. Parasitology Research 108, 837-843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2119-0
Zangana IK, Naqid IA. 2011. Prevalence of piroplasmosis (Theileriosis and Babesiosis) among goats in Duhok Governorate. AL-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Science 4, 50-57.
Muhammad Riaz, ZahidaTasawar, 2016. Detection and discrimination of Theileria species infection by using PCR amplification in small ruminants in and around Multan, Pakistan. Int. J. Biosci., 9(4), 61-71.
Copyright © 2016 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.