Dietary effect of Tamarindus indica leaf meal on the growth performance, cell-mediated immunity, carcass yield, and economic traits in broiler chickens
Paper Details
Dietary effect of Tamarindus indica leaf meal on the growth performance, cell-mediated immunity, carcass yield, and economic traits in broiler chickens
Abstract
The addition of synthetic antibiotics into broiler diets was banned in the European Union due to growing public health concerns. As a result, interest in the effects of different phytobiotic plants on animal health and production performance increases. The tamarind (Tamarindus indica Linn.) is a medicinal plant containing crude protein, fiber, vitamins, and amino acids. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the potential of tamarind leaf meal (TLM) on the broiler chicken’s growth performance, cell-mediated immunity, carcass yield, and economic traits. Seventy-five (75) broiler chicks, regardless of sex, were randomly distributed into five dietary treatments replicated three times with five birds per replication. The five dietary treatments were: T1– commercial ration (control); T2– homemade ration (HR) + 0% TLM; Treatment 3- HR + 1% TLM; T4– HR + 3% TLM, and T5– HR + 5% TLM. The collected data were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a Completely Randomized Design using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0 software. A significant difference in the growth performance and cell-mediated immunity parameters was observed in bi-weekly final weight, bi-weekly body weight gain, bi-weekly voluntary feed intake, slaughter weight, dressed weight, and cell-mediated immunity, while the feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage showed no significant differences. Moreover, the overall result and the return above feed and chick cost indicated a promising prospect for broiler chickens. In conclusion, incorporating 3% tamarind leaf meal into broiler diets is feasible in broiler chicken production.
Aengwanich W, Suttajit M, Srikhun T, Boonsorn T. 2009. Antibiotic Effect of Polyphenolic Compound Extracted from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Seed Coat on Productive Performance of Broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 8(8), 749-751.
Alkassar SM, Al-Shukri SY. 2018. Effect of feeding water hyacinth meal (WHM) on performance, GIT morphological and the bacterial community in the ileum of broiler chickens. Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences 8, 1-22. https://tinyurl.com/yx8rf27l
Ampode KM, Galgo SJ, Lapurga IG. 2020. Pinto peanut Meal: It’s Potential as Dietary Supplement for Philippine Mallard Ducks. International Journal of Biosciences 16(5), 319–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/16.5.319-326
AOAC. 2016. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of the Official Analytical Chemists. 20th ed. Washington, D.C., USA.
Catolico JM, Ampode KM. 2019. Performance of Broilers Fed with Homemade Ration at Varying Levels of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Kernel Meal as Substitute to Copra Meal. p. 519-524. International Journal of Research and Publications 9 (11), 519-524. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.11.2019.p9570
Chong URW, Abdul-Rahman PS, Abdul-Aziz A, Hashim OH, MatJunit S. 2013. Effects of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract on abundance of HepG2 cell lysate proteins and their possible consequential impact on metabolism and inflammation. BioMed Research International 2013, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/459017
DA. 2008. Rules and Regulations on Humane Handling in the Slaughter of Animals for Food. Department of Agriculture AO No. 18.
Dumaup HJ, Ampode KM. 2020. Inclusion of Water HyacinthMeal in Broiler Chicken Diets: Potential on the Production Performance and Cell-mediated Immunity. International Journal of Biosciences 17(6), 469-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/17.6.469-479
Eladia RE, Ampode KMB. 2021. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Pod meal: nutrient analysis and its effect on the growth performance and cell-mediated immunity of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Health and Production 9(2), 170-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2021/9.2.170.177
El-Siddig G, Prassad P, Ramana V, Williams A. 2006. Tamarindus indica. South ampton UK centre for under utilised crops
Erf GF. 2004. Cell-mediated immunity in poultry. Poultry Science 83(4), 580–590. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.4.580
Escobillo JJ, Ampode KM. 2020. Malunggay Pod Meal as Dietary Supplement: Its Effect on the Carcass Traits and Gut Development of Broiler Chickens. International Journal of Biosciences 17(6), 480-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/17.6.480-489
Fu-Chang L, Qiu-Xia L, Xiuling Z. 2004. Comparative studies on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immunity index and protease activities between weaning-2 month and 2-3 month New Zealand rabbits. In Proceedings: World Rabbit Congress Puebla, Mexico, 885-890.
Garba Y, Abubakar AS. 2012. Haematological Response and Blood Chemistry of Yankasa Rams Fed Graded Levels of Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) Leaves. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 20(1), 44-48.
Gumgumjee NM, Khedr A, Hajar AS. 2012. Antimicrobial activities and chemical properties of Tamarindus indica L .leaves extract. African Journal of Microbiology Research 6(32), p 6172-6181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.71
Haruna MA and Odunsi AA. 2018. Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Dried Pawpaw (Carica Papaya Linn) Latex. J. World Poultry Research 8(2), 31-36.
Hassan HMA, El-Moniary MM, Hamouda Y, El-Daly EF, Youssef AW, Abd El-Azeem NA. 2016. Effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves meal on productive performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2016.60.66
Jamroz D, Wiliczkiewicz A, Skorupinska J, Orda J, Kuryszko J, Tschirch H. 2009. Effect of sweet chestnut tannin (SCT) on the performance, microbial status of intestine and histological characteristics of intestine wall in chickens. British Poultry Science 50, 687-699.
Laing D, Wongtangtintharn S. 2013. Using Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Monogastrics Animal: Review. Seminar in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Thailand p 1-9.
Lagua E, Ampode KM. 2021. Turmeric powder: potential alternative to antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. Journal of Animal Health and Production. 9(3), 243-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jahp/2021/9.3.243.253
McPherson KR. 1982. Dietary fiber. Journal of Lipid Research 23, 221–242.
Nanekarani S, Goodarzi M, Heidari M. 2012. The Effect of Different Levels of Spearmint (Mentha spicata) Extract on Immune System and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens. APCBEE Procedia 4, 135–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.11.023.
Olumu, JM. 1995. Monogastric Animal Nutrition, Principles and Practices 1st Edition.A Jacherm Publication. Benin p 320.
Saleh B, Duwa H, Diarra S.S, Vandi TJ, Abdullahi HA. 2012. Influence of Tamarind Pulp on Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2(10), 511-514.
Shinde GB, Kanduri AB, Deshmukh GB, Gaikwad NZ, Khan MA, Pawar PH. 2015. utilization of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) pulp as feed supplement in broiler chicken. Unpublished M.V.Sc. thesis submitted to Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur.
Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A. 2008. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. Journal of Animal Science, 86(14), E140-E148.
World Health Organization. 2012. The evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance: options for action. Available online at 12 September 2021. https://tinyurl.com/4msz6ez6.Accessed:
Yang PA, Choct M. 2009. Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: A review of the role of six kinds of alternatives into feed antibiotics. World’s Poultry Science Journal 65, 97-114.
Zhang GF, Yang ZB, Wang Y, Yang WR, Jiang SZ, Gai GS. 2009. Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Journal of Poultry Science 88, 2159-2166.
Razul L. Minanga, Keiven Mark B. Ampode, 2021. Dietary effect of Tamarindus indica leaf meal on the growth performance, cell-mediated immunity, carcass yield, and economic traits in broiler chickens. Int. J. Biosci., 19(4), 150-161.
Copyright © 2021 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.