Diversity of halophiles in Karak salt mine, KP, Pakistan and their ability to produce enzyme of industrial importance
Paper Details
Diversity of halophiles in Karak salt mine, KP, Pakistan and their ability to produce enzyme of industrial importance
Abstract
Halophiles are the microorganisms that possesses highly stable enzymes and can perform the cellular activities at extreme conditions of salinity. Enzymes and other functional proteins found in other groups of organisms are more susceptible to denaturation, aggregation and precipitation at such extreme condition. The current study explores the diversity and enzyme production of halophiles present in Bahadur Khel, situated in District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. Samples collection was done according to SOPs. The growth effects of isolated strains were determined on different temperature, salt concentration and pH. The serum was diluted for isolation of pure colonies followed by culturing and sub-culturing on agar. The range of temperature, salt concentration and pH for both types of strains isolated at 15ºC and 37ºC were 15ºC, 28ºC, 37ºC,and50ºC, Salt concentration 4-36% and 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 pH respectively. The biochemical tests included Triple Sugar Iron (TSI), citrate utilization test, urease and oxidase test. Strains were evaluated for the production of different enzymes such as Amylase, Protease, Lipase, and catalase. Results indicated no significant production of lipase and c. The strains studied for enzyme assay results showed that the enzyme production increases with time. Protein estimation analysis revealed an increase in protein content with the passage of time. Our results indicated that isolates have the potential to produce valuable metabolites and can be exploited for high scale production, but it should be further investigated on a molecular level to elucidate their production potential.
Antunes A, TabordaM, HuberR,MoisslC, NobreMF, da CostaMS. 2008. “Halorhabdus tiamatea sp. nov., a non-pigmented, extremely halophilic archaeon from a deep-sea, hypersaline anoxic basin of the Red Sea, and emended description of the genus Halorhabdus.” International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology 58(1), 215-220.
Bangash A, AhmedI, AbbasS, KudoT, ShahzadA, FujiwaraT, Ohkuma M. 2015. “Kushneria pakistanensis sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from rhizosphere of a plant (Saccharum spontaneum) growing in salt mines of the Karak area in Pakistan.” Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107(4), 991-1000.
Chelikani P, FitaI, LoewenPC.2004. “Diversity of structures and properties among catalases.” Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 61(2),192-208.
Cho SH, HanJH, Seong CN, Kim SB. 2006. “Phylogenetic diversity of acidophilic sporoactinobacteria isolated from various soils.” the Journal of Microbiology 44(6), 600-606.
Duckworth A, GrantW, Jones B, Van Steenbergen R. 1996. “Phylogenetic diversity of soda lake alkaliphiles.” FEMS Microbiology Ecology 19(3), 181-191.
Edbeib MF, WahabRA, HuyopF.2016. “Halophiles: biology, adaptation, and their role in decontamination of hypersaline environments.” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 32(8), 135.
Edgcomb V, OrsiW, LeslinC, Epstein SS, BungeJ, JeonS, YakimovMM, BehnkeA, StoeckT. 2009. “Protistan community patterns within the brine and halocline of deep hypersaline anoxic basins in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.” Extremophiles 13(1), 151-167.
Ghasemi Y, Rasoul-AminiS, KazemiA, ZarriniG, MorowvatM, Kargar M. 2011. “Isolation and characterization of some moderately halophilic bacteria with lipase activity.” Microbiology 80(4), 483.
Grant W. 2004. “Life at low water activity.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 359(1448), 1249-1267.
Grant WD, Gemmell RT,McGenity TJ. 1998. “Halobacteria: the evidence for longevity.” Extremophiles 2(3), 279-287.
Ng WV, KennedySP, MahairasGG, BerquistB, PanM, ShuklaHD, Lasky SR, BaligaNS, ThorssonV, SbrognaJ. 2000. “Genome sequence of Halobacterium species NRC-1.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97(22), 12176-12181.
Oren, A. (2008). “Microbial life at high salt concentrations: phylogenetic and metabolic diversity.” Saline systems 4(1),2.
Oren A.2013. Life at high salt concentrations. The Prokaryotes, Springer: 421-440.
Pedrós-Alió C, Calderón-PazJI, MacLeanMH, Medina G, MarraséC, GasolJM, Guixa-Boixereu N. 2000. “The microbial food web along salinity gradients.” FEMS Microbiology Ecology 32(2), 143-155.
Roohi A, AhmedI, Iqbal M, Jamil M. 2012. “Preliminary isolation and characterization of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria from salt mines of Karak, Pakistan.” Pak J Bot 44(SI 1), 365-370.
Roohi A, AhmedI, KhalidN, IqbalM, Jamil M. 2014. “Isolation and Phylogenetic Identification of Halotolerant/Halophilic Bacteria from the Salt Mines of Karak Pakistan.” International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 16(3).
Roohi A, AhmedI, PaekJ, SinY, AbbasS, JamilM, ChangYH.2014. “Bacillus pakistanensis sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from salt mines of the Karak Area in Pakistan.” Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 105(6),1163-1172.
Sehar S, HameedA. 2011. “Extracellular alkaline protease by a newly isolated halophilic Bacillus sp.” Global Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry 6(3),142-148.
Shafiei M, ZiaeeAA, AmoozegarMA. 2012. “Purification and characterization of a halophilic α-amylase with increased activity in the presence of organic solvents from the moderately halophilic Nesterenkonia sp. strain F.” Extremophiles 16(4), 627-635.
Shand RF, LeyvaKJ. 2008. “Archaeal antimicrobials: an undiscovered country.” Archaea: new models for prokaryotic biology: 2008.
Muzamil Shah, Fariha Hasan, Syed Salman Hashmi, Wali Muhammad, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Asad Ullah, 2018. Diversity of halophiles in Karak salt mine, KP, Pakistan and their ability to produce enzyme of industrial importance. Int. J. Biosci., 13(1), 256-265.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.