Effect of chloride and sulfate salinity on in vitro regeneration of rice
Paper Details
Effect of chloride and sulfate salinity on in vitro regeneration of rice
Abstract
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, a great source of protein; it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’s human population, especially in Asia. Among the various factors limiting rice yield, salinity is one of the oldest and most serious environmental problems in the world. Rice yield can be reduced by up to 50% when grown under moderate (6dS/m) salinity level. Salinity in aquatic ecosystem is determined by the total amount of dissolved salts present in it. Four types of cations prevail in saline water such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca++) and Magnesium (Mg++) and 3 anions such as Chloride (Cl−), Carbonate (CO3−) or Bi-Carbonate (HCO3−) and Sulphate (SO42−). Even though Cl is an essential element for plant growth, but higher concentration may restrain plant growth or cause toxicity to some plants. Higher concentration of Chloride ions also causes leaf tip burn, disruption of membrane function, obstruction in internal solute balance that hampers nutrient uptake. On the other hand, Sulphur is an important factor in plant feeding but high sulphate concentrations may affect plant development and crop yield. In NaCl and Na2SO4 salts, Sodium (Na+) is common but differs only by two anions: Chloride (Cl−) and Sulphate (SO42−). The present investigation was conducted through in vitro regeneration protocol of ten rice genotypes to observe the effect of these two salts and to identify which salt causes more inhibitor.
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