Effect of Compost and Animal Manure on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Productivity in Maradi, Niger Republic, Using Zai Technology

Paper Details

Research Paper 10/08/2022
Views (1035)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Effect of Compost and Animal Manure on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Productivity in Maradi, Niger Republic, Using Zai Technology

Charipatou Abdou Mainassara, Aminu Alhassan Fagge, Ali Malam Labo Mohamed, Shehu Usman Yahaya, Aisha Muhammad Aliyu
Int. J. Biosci. 21(2), 189-198, August 2022.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2022; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important leguminous crop largely grown by smallholder farmers in Niger for food security. Field trials were carried out during the 2019 rainy season in Dangali and Dan Bouzou, villages of Mayahi, department of Maradi region, Niger Republic, to determine the effect of organic manure on cowpea productivity using the zai technique. The IT 99 K-573-1-1 cowpea variety was used as plant material. The experimental design consisted of 16 combinations of compost and animal manure, with compost (0t/ha, 3t/ha, 6t/ha, and 9t/ha) and animal manure (0t/ha, 5t/ha, 10t/ha, and 15t/ha) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that the yields obtained were not statistically significant between the treatments, except at Dan Bouzou. Nevertheless, numerically, the greatest value for compost about gain yield (1025kg/ha) was obtained by the combination zai + of compost (3t/ha). For animal manure, 1292kg/ha of grain yield was achieved by the combination zai +animal manure (15t/ha). It should be noted that the yield of 1292 kg/ha of zai + animal manure (15t/ha) was higher than the yield of 1025 kg/ha of zai + compost (3t/ha) which is also higher than the yield of 617 kg/ha of zai only. This technique is effective, but its effectiveness depends on the good distribution of precipitation over time and space during the rainy season.

Abate T, Ajeigbe H, Boukero Fatokun C, Kamara A, Ndjeung J, Ntere B. 2011. Grain Legumes of Nigeria. In: Bulletin of Tropical Legumes. A Monthly Publication of the Tropical Legumes II Project n°2.

Bongo AH. 2012. Fight against food insecurity in Niger: Amicro solution agricultural insurance. P 25.

Cai A, Xu M, Wang B, Zhang W, Liang G, Hou E, Luo Y. 2019. Manure acts as a better fertilizer for increasing crop yields than synthetic fertilizer does by improving soil fertility. Soil Tillage Res. 189, 168–175. [CrossRef]

Der Somé, Zombré PN, Zombré G, Harold RM. 2004. Impact of the Zai Technique on Cowpea Production and on the Evolution of Characteristics Chemicals of Very Degraded Soils (Zippéllé) from Burkina Faso. University of Ouagadougou.

Dugje YI, Omoigui OL, Ekelem F, Kamara YA, Ajeigbe H. 2009. Cowpea Production in West Africa: A Farmer’s Guide. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Ibadan Nigeria. p 20p.

El-Metwally IM, Abdelhamid MT. 2008.  Weed control under integrated nutrient management systems in faba bean (Vicia faba) production in Egypt. Planta daninha [online] 26, 585-594. ISSN 0100-8358.  https://doi.org/10.1590/S010083582008000300014

FAO. 2018. Fao FAOSTAT statistical database [www document]. URL (2018) Google Scholar. http://.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO). 2017. Targeting farmers in institutional procurement program: A case study of the PAA Africa Programme in Senegal. International Policy Center for Inclusive Growth, Brazil.

Gonda A, Nana EM, Maman N, Francis MT, Ebnezer YS, Robert CA. 2016. Nutrient release patterns of compost and its implication on crop yield under Sahelian conditions of Niger. Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 105(2), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9779-9

Issaka RN, Buri MM, Tobita S, Nakamura S, Owusu-Adjei E. 2012. Indigenous fertilizing materials to enhance soil productivity in Ghana. In Soil fertility improvement and integrated nutrient management-A global perspective, Walen JK (ed.) InTech.  5, 119-134. ISBN 978-953-307-945

Jannoura R, Joergensen RG, Bruns C. 2014. Organic fertilizer effects on growth, crop yield, and soil microbial biomass indices in the sole and intercropped peas and oats under organic farming conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 52, 259–270. http://doi.org10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.001

Jemo M, Abaidor R, Nolte C, Tchienkoua M, Sanginga N, Horst. 2006. Phosphorus benefits from grain-legume crops to subsequent maize grown on acid soils of southern Cameroon. Plant Soil 284, 385-397.

JIRCAS. 2010. The Study on Improvement on Soil Fertility with Use of Indigenous Resources in Rice Systems of sub-Sahara Africa. Business Report 2009 (February 2010), Tsukuba, Japan.

Khandelwal R, Choudhary SK, Khangarot SS, Jat MK, Singh P. 2012. Effect of inorganic and bio-fertilizers on productivity and nutrients updake in cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp] Walp 235-238 p

Kimaru-Muchai SW, Ngetich FK, Baaru M, Mucheru-Muna MW. 2020. Adoption and utilization of zai pits for improved farm productivity in drier upper Eastern Kenya. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 121, 13-22. https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202002281030

Liu X, ZhangY, Han W, Tang A, Shen J Cui J Vitousek P Erisman JW, Goulding KWT Christie P, Fangmeier A, Zhang F. 2013. Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China. Nature 494, p 459-463. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11917

MA. 2012. National Catalog of Plant Species and Varieties (CNEV) Niger, Ministry of Agriculture, P 152.

MAE. 2018. Rapport d’évaluation de la campagne agricole d’hivernage 2017 et perspectives alimentaire 2017-2018 Ministère de l’agriculture Niamey Niger.

MAE. 2020. Rapport d’évaluation de la campagne agricole d’hivernage 2019 et perspectives alimentaire Ministère de l’agriculture Niamey Niger.

Moreau R. 1986. Soil Fertility and Fertilization of Tropical Crops. Seminar on French Agronomic Research in the Intertropical Zone, p 58.

Sawada H, Kuykendall LD, Young JM. 2003. Changing concepts in the systematics of bacterial nitrogen-fixing legume symbionts. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 49, 155–179. [CrossRef].

Schöl VL. 1998. Managing soil fertility. Agrodock 2, fourth edititon, Aagromisa, Wageningen The Netherlands. P 88.

Sillus OO, Nancy WM, Set FOO. 2021. Zai Pit Effect on Selected Soil Properties and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) growth and grain yield in two selected dryland region of Kenya Open Journal of soil science, 11, 39-57. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2021.111003.

Timsina J. 2018. Can organic sources of nutrients increase crop yields to meet global food demand? Journal of Agronomy 8, 214-234. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy81002148.

Tobita S, Issaka RN, Buri MM, Fukuda M, Nakamura S. 2012. Indigenous organic resources for improving soil fertility in rice systems in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Vecchia DA, Kone B, Bakary D, Moussa L, Tarchiani V. 2001. Agricultural Skills and Pastoral Care of Soils in CILSS Countries. Early Warning and Forecasting Project Agricultural Productions (AP3A). P 173.

Related Articles

Medicinal plants sold in Daloa markets: Traditional knowledge and Public health issues

Kouakou Yao Bertin, Kouakou Assoman Serge Alain, Kouame Yao Anicet Gervais, Malan Djah François, Bakayoko Adama, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 200-210, August 2025.

Agronomic performance and profitability of coffee wildlings using different soil media mixtures

Maribel L. Fernandez, Ricardo B. Casauay, Ronel A. Collado, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 189-199, August 2025.

Implications of aberrant glycosylation on age-related disease progression

Tahmid Ahmad Patwary, Mukramur Rahman, Md. Nafis Fuad Prottoy, Sayad Md. Didarul Alam, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 176-188, August 2025.

Design and development of solar powered water sprayer: A green technology innovation

Lorenzo V. Sugod, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 159-175, August 2025.

Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and social awareness regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in the kyrgyz population in the post-pandemic period

Mirza Masroor Ali Beg, Haider Ali, Yahya Nur Ahmed, Yavuz Gunduz, Hafsa Develi, Tilekeeva UM, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 151-158, August 2025.

Tumor suppressing ability of myrtenal in DMBA-induced rat mammary cancer: A biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Manoharan Pethanasamy, Shanmugam M. Sivasankaran, Saravanan Surya, Raju Kowsalya, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 141-150, August 2025.

Assessing tree diversity in cashew plantations: Environmental and agronomic determinants in buffer zones of Mont Sangbé National Park, western Côte d’Ivoire

Kouamé Christophe Koffi, Kouakou Hilaire Bohoussou, Serge Cherry Piba, Naomie Ouffoue, Sylvestre Gagbe, Alex Beda, Adama Tondossama, Int. J. Biosci. 27(2), 122-133, August 2025.