Effect of novel diets on the physico-chemical characteristics of water in ornamental fishes of Poecilia reticulata W. Peters and Pethia conchonius F. Hamilton

Paper Details

Research Paper 05/04/2025
Views (56) Download (6)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Effect of novel diets on the physico-chemical characteristics of water in ornamental fishes of Poecilia reticulata W. Peters and Pethia conchonius F. Hamilton

Abstract

Water quality is characterized by the chemical, physical and biological composition of the environment. Life in aquatic environments is predominantly influenced by the physico-chemical properties and their consistency. The effects of various novel diets on the physicochemical characteristics of water in ornamental fish species Poecilia reticulata and Pethia conchonius were subjected with various treatment intervals. The in vitro tank water samples were obtained from 12 glass fish tanks at different intervals with the physical and chemical parameters of the environment were analyzed with promptly upon arrival at the laboratory. The physicochemical factors that contribute to optimize fish growth in aquatic environments encompass of pH, temperature, ammonia, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, turbidity, total dissolved solids and total hardness were analysed. In contrast, the chemical parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) serve as indicated the pollution levels present in a specific water body. The Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and Rosy barbs (Pethia conchonius) was assessed by providing five different types of formulated diets comprised the   probiotics (T1), Spirulina (T2), synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle  from  Spirulina  (T3), Cynodon dactylon (T4), synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle from  C. dactylon (T5), combination feed (T1+T2+T3+T4+T5) (T6) and the result was compared with the supplied commercial diet as a control also maintained. However, the novel diets of fish fed was suitable candidature for ornamental fish industry.

Anka IZ, Jothi JS, Sarker J, Talukder A, Islam S. 2016. Growth performance and survival of guppy (Poecilia reticulata): Different formulated diets effect. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2(3), 451–457. https://doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i3.30117

Annasari M, Aris WM, Yohanes K. 2012. Albumin and zinc content of snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract and its role in health. IEESE International Journal of Science and Technology 1(2), 1–8.

AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 18th edition. AOAC, Arlington, Virginia, USA.

APHA, AWWA, WPCF. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 20th Edition. APHA, New York, USA.

APHA. 1992. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 18th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 874p.

Arechavala-Lopez P, Maia CM, Saraiva JL. 2021. Environmental enrichment in fish aquaculture: A review of fundamental and practical aspects. Reviews in Aquaculture 14, 704–728.

Awoyemi OM, Uwafili PN, Izegaegbe JI, Fadeyi OP. 2014. Analysis of the foraging behavior of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) in relation to its use as a biological method for the environmental control of mosquito larvae. International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies 21(3), 103–113.

Bawa DY. 2024. Analysis of water physico-chemical parameters in Jega Local Government Area fish farms of Kebbi State, Nigeria. American Research Journal of Contemporary 2(2), 1–7.

Bhatnagar A, Devi P. 2013. Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture. International Journal of Environmental Sciences 3(6), 1980–2009.

Boyd CE, Lichtkoppler F. 1979. Water quality management in fish ponds. Research and Development Series No. 22. International Centre for Aquaculture (JCAA), Experimental Station, Auburn University, Alabama, 45–47.

Boyd CE. 1981. Water quality in warm water fish ponds. Crftmaster Printer, Inc., Opelika, Alabama, USA.

Capel B. 2017. Vertebrate sex determination: Evolutionary plasticity of a fundamental switch. Nature Reviews Genetics 18(11), 675–689.

Carbia PS, Brown C. 2019. Environmental enrichment influences spatial learning ability in captive-reared intertidal gobies (Bathygobius cocosensis). Animal Cognition 22, 89–98.

Dhawan A, Karu S. 2002. Pig dung as pond manure: Effect on water quality, pond productivity and growth of carps in polyculture system. ICLARM Quarterly, Manila 25(1), 1–14.

Egborge AMB. 1994. Salinity and the distribution of rotifers in the Lagos Harbour–Badagry Creek system, Nigeria. Hydrobiologia 272, 95–104.

Jones NAR, Webster M, Salvanes AGV. 2021. Physical enrichment research for captive fish: Time to focus on the DETAILS. Journal of Fish Biology 99, 704–725.

Kamal D, Khan AN, Raham MA, Ahmed A. 2007. Study on physico-chemical properties of water of Mouri River, Khulna, Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, 710–717.

Kasim LI. 2017. Physicochemical parameters of water and their effects on fish production. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 9(2), 20–31.

Kent M, Ojanguren AF. 2015. The effect of water temperature on routine swimming behavior of newborn guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Biology Open 4(4), 547–552.

Kisku S, Chini DS, Bhattacharya M, Kar A, Parua S, Das BK. 2017. A cross-sectional study on water quality in relation to fish diversity of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India through geoinformatics approaches. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 43(4), 283–289.

Lindholm AK, Head ML, Brooks RC, Rollins LA, Ingleby FC, Zajitschek SR. 2014. Causes of male sexual trait divergence in introduced populations of guppies. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 27(2), 437–448.

Manonmani M, Sathya TA, Anburaj R, Gokilavani K, Geethanjali PS, Viswanathan S. 2024. Seasonal impact on physico-chemical parameters of fresh water resources—A review. International Journal of Biomolecules and Biomedicine 18(2), 1–10.

Mohideen AKS, Sheriff MA, Altaff K. 2014. Effect of three different feeds on the growth and survival of sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821). Revelation and Science 4, 45–48.

Munir MB, Hashim R, Manaf MSA, Nor SAM. 2016. Dietary prebiotics and probiotics influence the growth performance, feed utilisation, and body indices of snakehead (Channa striata) fingerlings. Tropical Life Sciences Research 27(2), 111–125.

Näslund J, Johnson JI. 2014. Environmental enrichment for fish in captive environments: Effects of physical structures and substrates. Fish and Fisheries 17, 1–30.

Nugroho AA, Muzaki A, Anggraini AI, Haryanti D. 2021. Studi perilaku ikan guppy jantan dan betina (Poecilia reticulata) pada masa reproduksi. Teknosains: Media Informasi Sains dan Teknologi 15(3), 287.

O’Gorman EJ, Ólafsson ÓP, Demars BOL, Friberg N, Gubergsson G, Hannesdóttir ER. 2016. Temperature effects on fish production across a natural thermal gradient. Global Change Biology 22(9), 3206–3220.

Ogbeibu AE, Victor R. 1995. Hydrological studies of water bodies in the Okomu Forest Reserves (Sanctuary) in Southern Nigeria. 2. Physico-chemical hydrology. Tropical Freshwater Biology 4, 83–100.

Olivotto I, Tokle NE, Nozzi V, Cossignani L, Carnevali O. 2010. Preserved copepods as a new technology for the marine ornamental fish aquaculture: A feeding study. Aquaculture 308(3–4), 124–131.

Rahman MM, Kodowaki S, Balcombe R, Wahab MA. 2010. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) alters its feeding niche in response to changing food resources: Direct observations in simulated ponds. Ecological Research 25(2), 303–309.

Rocha FC, Casatti L, Pereira DC. 2009. Structure and feeding of a stream fish assemblage in Southeastern Brazil: Evidence of low seasonal influences. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 21(1), 123–134.

Saloom ME, Duncan RS. 2005. Low dissolved oxygen levels reduce antipredator behaviours of the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea. Freshwater Biology 50, 1233–1238.

Sangeeta R, Surjya KS. 2023. Characterization of some physico-chemical parameters of water bodies inhabited by small indigenous fish species (SIFs): A case study. European Journal of Aquatic Sciences 2(3), 2976–7423.

Sloman KA, Bouyoucos IA, Brooks EJ, Sneddon LU. 2019. Ethical considerations in fish research. Journal of Fish Biology 94, 556–577.

Sonila K, Flora Q, Pranvera L, Lirim B. 2015. The effect of physico-chemical parameters and nutrients on fish growth in Narta Lagoon, Albania. Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design.

South African Water Quality Guidelines. 1996. Agricultural Water Use: Aquaculture, 2nd ed. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa, Pretoria, 6, 185.

Thoré ESJ, Brendonck L, Pinceel T. 2020. Conspecific density and environmental complexity impact behaviour of turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri). Journal of Fish Biology 97, 1448–1461.

Ufodike EBC, Garba AJ. 1992. Seasonal variations in limnology and productivity of a tropical highland in Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Journal of Aquatic Sciences 7, 29–34.

Vanderzwalmen M, Daniel SL, Priyadarshini T, Jason M, Dorine D, Khadidja B, Andrew H, Iain M, Alexander ME, Fiona LH, Donna S, Sloman KA. 2022. The effect of substrate on water quality in ornamental fish tanks. Animals 12(19), 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192679

Vigneeswaran M, Kanagabapathi V, Prabhakaran V. 2010. Food utilization and fecundity of guppy (Lebistes reticulatus) fed with bioencapsulated Artemia franciscana. Journal of Ecobiotechnology 2(2), 33–40.

Von Krogh K, Sorensen C, Nilsson GE, Overli O. 2010. Forebrain cell proliferation, behavior, and physiology of zebrafish, Danio rerio, kept in enriched or barren environments. Physiology & Behavior 101, 32–39.

Zhang Z, Gao L, Zhang X. 2021. Environmental enrichment increases aquatic animal welfare: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Aquaculture 14, 1120–1135.

Zweigh RD. 1989. Evolving water quality in a common carp and blue tilapia high production pond. Hydrobiologia 171, 11–21.