home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Effect of partial replacement of Fish meal by Lemna minor on the growth and immune response of Heteropneustes fossilis

Paper Details

Research Paper 05/02/2023
Views (962) Download (208)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Effect of partial replacement of Fish meal by Lemna minor on the growth and immune response of Heteropneustes fossilis

Sanraja Muchahary, Bichitra Narzary, Bronson Kumar Khangembam
Int. J. Biosci.22( 2), 41-49, February 2023.
Certificate: IJB 2023 [Generate Certificate]
Key: growthHeteropneustes fossilisImmune responseLemna minor

Abstract

Aquaculture research in recent times has been focused on finding more affordable sources of plant protein for inclusion in the fish diet. Lemna minor is a widely reported alternative protein source in fish feed but its effect on the immune system of fish especially catfish is not yet fully understood. This study, therefore, evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion of L. minor on the growth, immune response and catalase activity of Heteropneustes fossilis. The fry of H. fossilis was fed five iso-nitrogenous diets containing graded percentage inclusion levels of L. minor as 0% (Control), 5% (T1), 10% (T2), 15% (T3) and 20% (T4) for 60 days. The final weight, body mass gain and specific growth rate were significantly higher in T3 diet-fed fish than in others. The feed conversion ratio was lowest in the T3 group. Total muscle protein, mucus protein and total immunoglobulin content did not differ significantly between the control group and plant-fed fish. The lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in T1. Antioxidant enzyme catalase activity did not differ significantly in all the treatments. This study shows that L. minor can be incorporated up to 20% in the feed of H. fossilis without a negative effect on its growth and immune response of H. fossilis. L. minor may be a potential protein source in fish feed for sustainable aquaculture.

VIEWS 363
Cover PDF

Adel M, Amiri AA, Zorriehzahra J, Nematolahi A, Esteban MÁ. 2015. Effects of dietary peppermint (Mentha piperita) on growth performance, chemical body composition and hematological and immune parameters of fry Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 45(2), 841-847.

Aebi HE. 1983. Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU, Bergmeyer J, Grassl JM, Ed. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. VCH, Weinheim 273-286.

Ali S, Kaviraj A. 2021. Rearing catfish Heteropneutes fossilis on feed supplemented by fermented leaf meal of Ipomoea aquatica. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 9(2), 79-87.

Ali S, Saha S, Kaviraj A. 2020. Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis optimization by mathematical programming. Tropical Animal Health and Production 52(2), 839-849.

AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists Inc.

APHA. 2017. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 22nd Edn. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation.

Awad E, Awaad A. 2017. Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 67, 40-54.

Baba E. 2021. Analysis of Some Immune Parameters in The Skin Mucus of Four Cultured Fish Species. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 73, 1-13.

Bag MP, Ghorai M, Mahapatra SC, Rao PS, Pal H. 2012. Evaluation of Mulberry (Morus alba, Linn.) leaf meal as a complete diet for sting fish (Heteropneustes fossilis, Bloch.). International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 3(9).

Banerjee G, Roy AK. 2018. The effect of seasonal temperature on endogenous gut enzyme activity in four air-breathing fish species. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 70, 60-65.

Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248-254.

Chakrabarti R, Clark WD, Sharma JG, Goswami RK, Shrivastav AK, Tocher DR. 2018. Mass production of Lemna minor and its amino acid and fatty acid profiles. Frontiers in Chemistry 6, 479.

Daniel N. 2018. A review on replacing fish meal in aqua feeds using plant protein sources. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 6(2), 164-179.

Devi R, Basumatary M, Narzary B, Dayami H, Muchahary S, Khangembam BK. 2022. In vitro Digestibility Study: Evaluating Plant Proteins Digestibility in Anabas testudineus and Channa punctata. Journal of Tropical Life Science 12(3), 307-315.

Dorothy MS, Raman S, Nautiyal V, Singh K, Yogananda T, Kamei M. 2018. Use of potential plant leaves as ingredient in fish feed-a review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(7), 112-125.

Dossou S, Koshio S, Ishikawa M, Yokoyama S, Dawood MA, El Basuini MF, El-Hais AH, Olivier A. 2018. Effect of partial replacement of fish meal by fermented rapeseed meal on growth, immune response and oxidative condition of red sea bream juvenile, Pagrus major. Aquaculture 490, 228-235.

FAO. 2022. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. Towards Blue Transformation. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0461en

Goswami RK, Sharma J, Shrivastav AK, Kumar G, Glencross BD, Tocher DR, Chakrabarti R. 2022. Effect of Lemna minor supplemented diets on growth, digestive physiology and expression of fatty acids biosynthesis genes of Cyprinus carpio. Scientific Reports 12(1), 1-13.

Guardiola FA, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. 2016. Using skin mucus to evaluate stress in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 59, 323-330.

Hoseinifar SH, Zoheiri F, Lazado CC. 2016. Dietary phytoimmunostimulant Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) has more remarkable impacts on skin mucus than on serum in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 59, 77-82.

Irabor AE, Obakanurhie O, Nwachi FO, Ekokotu PA, Ekelemu JK, Awhefeada OK, Adeleke LM, Jrn HP, Adagha O. 2022. Duckweed (Lemna minor) meal as partial replacement for fish meal in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juvenile diets. Bone 1(1), 1-00.

Jabeen S, Salim M, Akhtar P. 2004. Feed conversion ratio of major carp Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on cottonseed meal, fish meal and barley. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 24(1), 42-45.

Kokou F, Rigos G, Henry M, Kentouri M, Alexis M. 2012. Growth performance, feed utilization and non-specific immune response of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed graded levels of a bioprocessed soybean meal. Aquaculture 364, 74-81.

Lallès JP. 2019. Biology, environmental and nutritional modulation of skin mucus alkaline phosphatase in fish: A review. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 89, 179-186.

Li Y, Schellhorn HE. 2007. Rapid kinetic microassay for catalase activity. Journal of Biomolecular Techniques: JBT 18(4), 185.

Machlin LJ, Bendich A. 1987. Free radical tissue damage: Protective role of antioxidant nutrients, Faseb. Journal 1(6), 441-445.

Magnadóttir B. 2006. Innate immunity of fish (overview). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 20(2), 137-151.

Maita M, Maekawa J, Satoh KI, Futami K, Satoh S. 2006. Disease resistance and hypocholesterolemia in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata fed a non-fishmeal diet. Fisheries Science 72(3), 513-519.

Michiels C, Raes M, Toussaint O, Remacle J. 1994. Importance of SE-glutathione peroxidase, catalase and CU/ZN-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress, Free Radic. Biology and Medicine 17(3), 235-248.

Mohamed SJ. 2001. Dietary pyridoxine requirement of the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Aquaculture 194, 327-335.

Mondal K, Kaviraj A, Mukhopadhyay PK. 2011. Introducing Mulberry Leaf Meal along with Fish Offal Meal in the Diet of Freshwater Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Electronic Journal of Biology 7(3), 54-59.

Naseem S, Bhat SU, Gani A, Bhat FA. 2021. Perspectives on utilization of macrophytes as feed ingredient for fish in future aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture 13(1), 282-300.

Pillay TVR. 1990. Nutrition and feeds. Aquaculture principles and practices. Catfishes 333-350.

Raj AJA, Muruganandam M, Marimuthu K, Ieaa M. 2001. Influence of aquatic weed Lemna minor on growth and survival of the fingerlings Channa striatus. Journal of Inland Fisheries Society of India 33(1), 59-64.

Reverter M, Tapissier‐Bontemps N, Sarter S, Sasal P, Caruso D. 2021. Moving towards more sustainable aquaculture practices: A meta‐analysis on the potential of plant‐enriched diets to improve fish growth, immunity and disease resistance. Reviews in Aquaculture 13(1), 537-555.

Ross NW, Firth KJ, Wang A, Burka JF, Johnson SC. 2000. Changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities of naive Atlantic salmon Salmo salar skin mucus due to infection with the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis and cortisol implantation. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 41(1), 43-51.

Saurabh S, Sahoo PK. 2008. Lysozyme: An important defence molecule of fish innate immune system. Aquaculture Research 39(3), 223-239.

Siddiqui TQ, Mukhtar A, Khan MA. 2009. Effects of dietary protein levels on growth, feed utilization, protein retention efficiency and body composition of young Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 35, 479-488.

Siwicki AK, Anderson DP. 1993. Immuno stimulation in fish: measuring the effects of stimulants by serological and immunological methods. US Fish Wildl Service-IFI 1, 1-17.

Sońta M, Rekiel A, Batorska M. 2019. Use of duckweed (Lemna) in sustainable livestock production and aquaculture- A review. Annals of Animal Science 19(2), 257-271.

Usmani N, Jafri AK, Khan MA. 2003. Nutrient digestibility studies in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell). Aquaculture Research 34, 1247-1253.

Vinagre C, Madeira D, Narciso L, Cabral HN, Diniz M. 2012. Effect of temperature on oxidative stress in fish: Lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in the muscle of juvenile seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Ecological Indicators 23, 274-279.

Wang J, Liang D, Yang Q, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang S. 2020. The effect of partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate on growth performance, immune responses, gut morphology and intestinal inflammation for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 98, 619-631.

Wang P, Zhu J, Feng J, He J, Lou Y, Zhou Q. 2017. Effects of dietary soy protein concentrate meal on growth, immunity, enzyme activity and protein metabolism in relation to gene expression in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Aquaculture 477, 15-22.

Wei J, Yu N, Tian W, Zhang F, Wu Q, Li E, Zhang M, Du Z, Qin J, Chen L. 2014. Dietary vitamin B12 requirement and its effect on non-specific immunity and disease resistance in juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Aquaculture 434, 179-183.

Ye G, Dong X, Yang Q, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang H, Tan B, Zhang S. 2020. Dietary replacement of fish meal with peanut meal in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂): Growth performance, immune response and intestinal microbiota. Aquaculture Reports 17, 100327.

Zhang X, Sun Z, Cai J, Wang J, Wang G, Zhu Z, Cao F. 2020. Effects of dietary fish meal replacement by fermented moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 102, 430-439.

Submit Manuscript