Effect of shade intensities and chilling duration on quality fruit and runner production of strawberry
Paper Details
Effect of shade intensities and chilling duration on quality fruit and runner production of strawberry
Abstract
Strawberry cv. Chandler is the only commercial cultivar in Pakistan which is majorly propagated through crowns. Its production is highly effected by temperature that is why a field experiment entitled “effect of shade intensities and chilling duration on quality fruit and runner production of strawberry” was undertaken at Agriculture Research Institute Swat during 2017-2018. The experiment was triplicated using randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement. Shade intensities (0, 30%, 50%, 70%) were kept in main plot while pre transplant chilling duration (0, 3, 6 and 9 days) at 4+1ºC were subjected to subplots. The results showed maximum value for number of crowns plant-1 (32.6) and crown diameter (9.6mm) under 30% shade level while maximum plant height (31.1cm) was observed under 70-75% shade intensity. Yield and qualitative attributes like single fruit weight (12.6g), total yield (196.7g m-2), ascorbic acid (56.3mg 100g-1), total soluble content (10.3 ºbrix), titratable acidity (1.0%), reducing sugar (5.0%) and non-reducing sugar (1.7%) were maximum under open field condition. Regarding chilling duration, higher values for plant height (28.7cm), single fruit weight (12.5g) and total yield (186.9g m-2) were observed in plants who received 6 days pre-transplant chilling duration while number of crowns plant-1 (27.3) and crown diameter (9.8mm) was recorded in plants subjected to 9 days pre-transplant chilling duration. It is concluded that for increase in crowns (daughter plants) production, strawberry cultivation should be done under 30% shade intensity with strawberry plants subjected to 6-9 days pre transplant chilling, while for qualitative as well as quantitative increase in fruit yield, open field along with 6 days pre-transplant chilling duration is recommended.
Abeysinghe SK, Greer DH, Rogiers SY. 2019. The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera ‘Shiraz’ under vineyard conditions. Vitis 58, 7-16.
Ambrozy ZS, Daood H, Nagy ZS, Darazsi HL, Helyes L. 2015. Effect of net shading technology and harvest times on yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper. Applied Ecology and environmental Research 4(1), 99-109.
Anagnostou K, Vasilakakis MD. 1995. Effects of substrate and cultivar on earliness, plant productivity and fruit quality of strawberry. Acta Horticulture 379, 267-274.
Asma O. 2011. Shading effects on growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry. MSc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka.
Bolda M. 2008. Chilling requirements in California Strawberries. Strawberries and Caneberries. ANR.
Callejon-Ferre AJ, Manzano-Agugliaro F, Diaz-Perez M, Carreno-Ortega A, Perez-Alonso J. 2009. Effect of shading with aluminised screens on fruit production and quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under greenhouse conditions. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 7, 41-49.
Carlen C, Potel AM, Ancay A. 2007. Influence of leaf/fruit ratio of strawberry plants on the sensory quality of their fruits. Acta Horticulture 761, 121-126.
Chen D. 2013. The effect of heat on fruit size of Day-neutral Strawberries. Master’s thesis. The University of Guelph Canada.
Choi HG, Mooon BY, Kang NJ. 2016. Correlation between strawberry productivity and photosynthesis related parameters under various growth conditions. Frontier Plant Science 7, 1607.
Costa RC, Calvete EO, Mendonca HFC, Decosta LA. 2014. Phenology and leaf accumulation in vernalized and non-vernalized strawberry seedlings in neutral-days. Acta Science Agronomy Maringa 36(1), 57-62.
Dad A. 2011. Strawberry cultivation in Charsadda-Pakistan. Hafat Roza veterinary stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 168, 521-530.
Dumas Y, Dadomo M, Lucca GD, Grolier P. 2003. Effects of environmental factors and agricultural techniques on antioxidant content of tomatoes. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture 83(5), 369-382.
Fletcher JNL, Sutherland MIJ, Ames Ni, Battey NH. 2002. The effect of light integral on vegetative growth and fruit yield 01′ ‘Elsanta’ strawberry. Strawberry research to 2001 Proc. 5th North America. Strawberry conference 157-160.
Gagnon B, Desjardins Y, Bedars R. 1990. Fruiting as a factor in accumulation of carbohydrates and nitrogen and in fall hardening of day neutral strawberries. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science 115, 520-525
Galletta GJ, Bringhurst RS. 1990. Strawberry management. In: Galletta GJ, Himelrick DG, eds. Small fruit crop management. Inglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall 83-156.
Gommerscm, Visser EJ, St-Onge KR, Voesenek LA, Pierik R. 2013. Shade tolerance: When growing tall is not an option. Trends Plant Science 18, 65-71.
Hamano M, Yamato Y, Yamazaki H, Miura H. 2002. Change in sugar content and composition of strawberry fruit during development. Acta Horticulture 567(1), 369-372.
Haquemm, Hasanuzzaman M, Rahman ML. 2009. Effect of light intensity on morpho-physiology and yield of bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Academic. Journal of Plant Science 2(3), 158-161.
Haselgrove L, Botting D, Heeswijck RV, Hoj PB, Dry PR, Ford C, Iland PG. 2000. Canopy microclimate and berry composition: the effect of bunch exposure on the phenolic composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz grape berries. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 6, 141-149.
Hatfield JH, Prueger JH. 2015. Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development Weather and Climate Extremes 10, 4-10.
Heide OM. 1994. Control of flowering and reproduction in temperate grasses. New Phytologist 128, 347-362.
Hovi T, Nakkila J, Tahvonen R. 2004. Interlighting improves production of year-round cucumber. Scienctia Horticulturae 102(3), 283-294.
Hovi T, Tahvonen R. 2008. Effect of inter-lighting on yield and external fruit quality in year-round cultivated cucumber. Scientia Horticulturae 116, 152-161.
Ibrahim G, Nadi RM, Farran MT, Freiwatmm. 1997. Row cover effects on growth and yield of strawberry cultivars grown in a Mediterranean climate. Journal of Small fruit and Viticulture 5(2), 47-56.
Jan MT, Shah P, Hollington PA, Khan MJ, Sohail Q. 2009. Agriculture Research: Design and Analysis, A Monograph. NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan.
Johannes JV. 2008. The influence of different production systems, planting densities and levels of shading on the yield, quality and growth potential of ‘Chandler’ strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa) grown in coir. MSc thesis paper. Stellen Bosch University. South Africa pp. 73-74.
Keuskamp DH, Pollmann S, Voesenek LACJ, Peeters AJM, Pierik R. 2010. Auxin transport through PINFORMED 3 (PIN3) controls shade avoidance and fitness during competition. PNAS 107(52), 22740-22744.
King DA. 1990. Allometry of sap lings and understory trees of a Panamanian forest. Functional Ecology 4(27e), 32.
Kiniry JR, Bean B, Xie Y, Chen PY. 2004. Maize yield potential: Critical processes and simulation modeling in a high-yielding environment. Agricultural System 82, 45-56.
Kumar R, Sharma S, Pathania V. 2013. Effect of shading and plant density on growth, yield and oil composition of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) in North Western Himalaya. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 25(1), 23-32.
Kurepin LV, Emey RN, Pharia RP, Reid DM. 2007. The interaction of light quality and irradiance with gibberellins, cytokinins and auxin in regulating growth of Helianthus annuus hypocotyls. Plant Cell and Environment 30, 147-155.
Ledesma NA, Ragay CS, Delgado JC, Padu DP. 2017. Chilling differentially affects strawberries grown under high temperature conditions. Philippine Agricultural Science 100(2), 211-221.
Lefebvre S, Lawson T, Zakhleniuk OV, Lloyd JC, Raines CA. 2005. Increased sedoheptulose-1, 7-bisphosphatase activity in transgenic tobacco plants stimulates photosynthesis and growth from an early stage in development. Plant Physiology 138 (2), 1174-1174.
Lieten P. 2006. Chilling Unit Model for Greenhouse Production of Strawberry cv. ‘Elsanta’. Acta Horticulture 708, 381-387.
Liu H, Haung Q, Chen R. 2004. Effects of shading on growth, flower stalk yield and quality in Chinese kale. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University 35(sup.) 215-218.
Liu W, Zou J, Zhang J, Yang F, Wan Y, Yang W. 2015. Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max) stem vining in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. Plant Production Science 18, 69-75.
Lobos GA, Retamales JB, Hancock JF, Flore JA, Romero-Bravo S, Pozo A del. 2013. Productivity and fruit quality of Vaccinium corymbosum L. ‘Elliott’ under photo-selective shading nets. Scietia Horticulturae 153, 143-149.
Long SP, Ainsworth EA, Leakey ABD, Nosberger J, Ort R. 2006. Food for thought: Lower than expected crop yield stimulation with rising CO2 concentrations. Science 312 (5782), 1918-21.
Long SP, Ainsworth EA, Rogers A, Ort DR. 2004. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide: Plants face the future. Annual Review of Plant Biology 55, 591-628.
Lopez-Marin J, Galvez A, Gonzalez A, Egea-Gilabert C, Fernandez JA. 2012. Effect of shade on yield, quality, and photosynthesis-related parameters of sweet pepper plants. Acta Horticulture 956, 545-552.
Lopez-Marin J, Gonzalez A, Galvez A. 2011. Effect of shade on quality of greenhouse peppers. Acta Horticulture 893, 895-90.
Maddonni G, Otegui M. 2004. Intra-specific competition in maize: Early establishment of hierarchies among plants affects final kernel set. Field Crops Research 85, 1-13.
Magalhaes ACN. 1985. Análise quantitative do crescimento. In: FERRImg. Fisiologia Vegetal. 2nd ed. São Paulo: EPU. 333-350
Mapes C, Xu Y. 2014. Photosynthesis, vegetative habit and culinary properties of sage (Salvia officinalis) in response to low-light conditions. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, 881-889.
Massetani F, Neri D. 2016. Strawberry plant architecture in different cultivation systems. Acta Horticulture 11(17), 291-296.
Mathan JJ, Bhattacharya, Ranjan A. 2016. Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features. The Company of Biologists Ltd. Development 143, 3283-3294.
Milenkovic L, Ilic ZS, Durovka M, Kapoulas N, Mirecki N, Fallik E. 2012. Yield and pepper quality as affected by light intensity using color shade nets. Agriculture and Forestry 58 (1), 19-33.
Moniruzzaman M, Islam MS, Hossainmm, Hossain T, Miahmg. 2009. Effects of shade and nitrogen levels on quality Bangladhonia production. Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture Research 34, 205-213.
Morgan L. 2006. Hydroponic strawberry production.A technical guide to the hydroponic production of strawbenies. Suntee (NZ) Ltd. Tokomaru. New Zealand.
Nishikawa F, Kato M, Hyodo H, Ikoma Y, Sugiura M, Yano M. 2005. Effect of sucrose on ascorbate level and expression of genes involved in the ascorbate biosynthesis and recycling pathway in harvested broccoli florets. Journal of Experimental Botany 56, 65-72
Oren-Shamir M, Gussakovsky EE, Spiegel E, Nissim-Levi A, Ratner K, Giller YE, Shahak Y. 2001. Colored shade nets can improve the yield and quality of green decorative branches of Pittosporum variegatum. Journal of Horticultural Sciences and Biotechnology 76, 353-361.
Oviedo VRS, Moises-Cabral M, Garay CRE, Arredondo GA de JC. 2018. Postharvest quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier) genotypes according to vernalization. Acta Agronomy 67(2), 208-214.
Ozturk A, Demirsoy L. 2004. The effect of different shading on yield and growth in Camarosa strawberry variety. Journal of Attaturk Central Horticultural Research Institute 33(1-2), 39-49.
Rajapakse NC, Shahak Y. 2007. Light quality manipulation by horticulture industry, p. 290–312. In: G. Whitelam and K. Halliday (eds.). Light and plant development. Blackwell Publ, Oxford, UK.
Rajasekar M, Arumugam T, Ramehkumar S. 2013. Influence of weather growing environment on vegetable growth and yield. Journal of Horticulture 10, 160-167.
Raza M, Feng L, Iqbal N, Manaf A, Khalid M, Wasaya A, Ansar M, Billah M Yang F, Yang W. 2018. Effect of sulphur application on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of sesame varieties under rainfed conditions. Agronomy 8, 149.
Rezai S, Etemadi N, Nikbakht A, Yousefi M, Majidimm. 2018. Effect of light intensity on leaf morphology, photosynthetic capacity, and chlorophyll content in sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Horticultural Sciences and Technology 36(1), 46-57.
Robert P, Rice Jr. 1990. Effects of cultivar and environmental interactions on runner production, fruit yield, and harvest timing of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) in Zimbabwe. Acta Horticulture 279, 327-332.
Ruan J, Yoon C, Yeoung Y, Larson KD, Ponce L. 2009. Efficacy of highland production of strawberry transplants. African Journal of Biotechnology 8, 1497-1501.
Saidi M, Gogo EO, Itulya FM, Martin T, Ngouajio M. 2013. Microclimate modification using eco-friendly nets and floating row covers improves tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) yield and quality for small holder farmers in East Africa. Agricultural Sciences 4(11), 577-584.
Sen F, Altun AA, Kesgin M, Inan MS. 2012. Effect of different shading practices used at pre-harvest stage on quality and storage life of Sultana seedless grapes. Abstracts of 7th International Postharvest Symposium 2012 (IPS2012), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 238.
Seno S, Castellane PD, Kimoto T. 1993. Influencia do tempo de vernalizaçaoe daepoca de plantio na cultura do alho (Allium sativum L), Cv. Roxo Perola de Caçador, na regiao de Ilha Solteira-SP. Científca 21, 275-285.
Shahak Y, Gal E, Offir Y, Ben-Yakir D. 2008. Photoselective shade netting integrated with greenhouse technologies for improved performance of vegetable and ornamental crops. Acta Horticulture 797, 75-80.
Sharkey TD, Zhang R. 2010. High temperature effects on electron and proton circuits of photosynthesis. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 52, 712-722.
Sharma RM, Singh AK, Sharma S, Masood FA, Shankar U. 2013. Strawberry regeneration and assessment of runner quality in subtropical plains. Journal of Applied Horticulture 15(3), 191-194
Silva JLO. 1982. Analise de crescimento de alho (Allium sativum L.) cultivar Chonan, sob tres periodos de frigorifcaçao pre-plantio dos bulbos. Lavras: ESAL. 76p (Tese mestrado).
Smeekens S. 2000. Sugar-induced signal transduction in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 51, 49-81.
Su BY, Song YX, Song C, Cui L, Yong TW, Yang WY. 2014. Growth and photosynthetic responses of soybean seedlings to maize shading in relay intercropping system in Southwest China. Photosynthetica 52, 332-340.
Sumesh K, Sharma-Natu P, Ghildiyal M. 2008. Starch synthase activity and heat shock protein in relation to thermal tolerance of developing wheat grains. Biologia Plantarum 52, 749-753.
Taiz L, Zeiger E. 2010. Plant Physiology, 5th ed.; Sinauer: Sunderland, MA, USA.
Todorov D, Karanov E, Smith AR, Hall MA. 2003. Chlorophyllase activity and chlorophyll content in wild and mutant plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biologia Plantarum 46, 125-127.
Wang J, Tang Z. 2014. The regulation of soluble sugars in the growth and development of plants. Botanical Research 3, 71-76.
Wang SY, Lin SS. 2002. Composts as soil supplement enhanced plant growth and fruit quality of strawberry. Journal of Plant Nutrition 25, 2243-2259.
Watson R, Wright CJ, McBurney T, Taylor AJ, Linforth RST. 2002. Influence of harvest date and light integral on the development of strawberry flavor compounds, Fruit Development and Ripening. Journal of Experimental Botany 53(377), 2121-2129.
Wrege MS, Junior CR, Antunes LEC, Oliveira RPD, Herter FG, Steinmetz S, Garrastuzu MC, Matzenauer R, Santos AMD. 2007. Zoneamento agroclimatico para produçao de mudas de morangueiro no Rio Grande do Sul. Documentos, 187. Pelotas: Embrapa Clima Temperado 27.
Wu NB, Tan F. 2002. Studies of water regimes of Cinnamomum pauciflorum seedlings grown under different light intensity conditions. Journal of Southwest Agriculture University 27, 755-758
Yamasaki A. 2013. Recent progress of strawberry year-round production technology in Japan. JARQ 47(1), 37-42.
Yang F, Huang S, Gao R, Liu W, Yong T, Wang X, Wu X, Yang W. 2014. Growth of soybean seedlings in relay strip intercropping systems in relation to light quantity and red: Far-red ratio. Field Crops Research 155, 245-253.
Yang F, Liao D, Wu X, Gao R, Fan Y, Raza MA. 2017. Effect of aboveground and belowground interactions on the intercrop yields in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems. Field Crop Research 203, 16-23.
Young LW, Wilen RW, Bonham-Smith PC. 2004. High temperature stress of Brassica napus during flowering reduces micro and megagametophyte fertility, induces fruit abortion, and disrupts seed production. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 485-495.
Zhu XG, Long SP, Ort DR. 2010. Improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater yield. Annual Review of Plant Biology 61, 235-261.
Nadia Bostan, Muhammad Sajid (2020), Effect of shade intensities and chilling duration on quality fruit and runner production of strawberry; JBES, V17, N2, August, P68-79
https://innspub.net/effect-of-shade-intensities-and-chilling-duration-on-quality-fruit-and-runner-production-of-strawberry/
Copyright © 2020
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0