Evaluation of the changes in the water level in the regions of Anzali Port and Lagoon influenced by the new arrangement of Anzali Breakwaters using MIKE-21
Paper Details
Evaluation of the changes in the water level in the regions of Anzali Port and Lagoon influenced by the new arrangement of Anzali Breakwaters using MIKE-21
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the modeling for the changes in the water levels of the international Anzali lagoon in Iran. Today, despite the measures for the progress of industries and commerce in human societies and increasing welfare and urbanism, the nature and ecosystem have retreated from the people’s lives, causing severe damages to the environment. The changes in the breakwaters of Anzali lagoon and their new arrangements have led to the changes in the water levels of this international site. In this paper, all the required statistical data were collected initially, and changes in the water level during recent years and before the new arrangement of the breakwaters were estimated using a mathematical model. Furthermore, the MIKE-21 numerical model was used to determine the effects of improvement measures on the water level, currents and their changes in the regions of Anzali port and lagoon before and after the new arrangements. The results showed that due to the addition of new arms to the breakwaters of this region (during 2008-2012), an amount of water remained in the lagoon during all the seasons, and the water level of Anzali lagoon and pace of the currents experiences minimal, steady changes, which could have a significant effect on the sedimentation rate, and the lagoon has lower water exchange with the Caspian Sea.
Ghahraman A, Atar F. March 2003. Anzali Wetland in danger of death (An ecologic-floristic research). Journal of Environmental Studies. Volume 28, Number special Issue; pages 1to 38.
Nippon Koie Co. Ltd. 2003. The Study on integrated Management for Ecosystem conservation of the Anzali Wetland in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A. Tahershamsi, A. Bakhtiary and A. Mousavi.(July 2009).Effects of seasonal climate change on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration in the Anzali Wetland (Iran). 18th World IMACS/MODSIM Congress, Cairns, Australia 13-17.
Boutron O, Margoum C, Chovelon JM. 2011. Effect of the submergence, the bed form geometry, and the speed of the surface water flow on the mitigation of pesticides in agricultural ditches: Mitigation of Pesticides in Agricultural Ditches. Water Resour Res 47: n/a-n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010378
Berntsen J. 2002. Internal pressure errors in sigma-coordinate ocean models. J Atmos Ocean Technol 19(9), 1403–1414.
Chen X, Lu J, Cui T, Jiang W, Tian L, Chen L, Zhao W. 2010. Coupling remote sensing retrieval with numerical simulation for SPM study—taking Bohai Sea in China as a case. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 12, S203–S211.
De Brauwere A, De Brye S, Blaise S, Deleersnijder E. 2011. Residence time, exposure time and connectivity in the Scheldt Estuary. J Mar Syst 84(3), 85–95.
Gao J, Jia J, Albert JK, Xing F, Wang Y, Xu X, Yang Y, Zou X, Gao S, Qi S, Liao F. 2014. Changes in water and sediment exchange between the Changjiang River and Poyang Lake under natural and anthropogenic conditions, China. Sci Total Environ 481, 542–553.
Gong W, Shen J, Hong B. 2009. The influence of wind on the water age in the tidal Rappahannock River. Mar Environ Res 68(4), 203–216.
Hamrick JM. 1992. A three-dimensional environmental fluid dynamics computer code: theoretical and computational aspects, vol 317. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point Hamrick JM (1994) Estuarine and coastal modeling: proceedings of the third international conference. In: Spaulding ML (ed) Linking hydrodynamic and biogeochemical transport model for estuarine and coastal waters. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 591–608 p.
Ji Z. 2008. Hydrodynamics and water quality: modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Wiley, New York.
Liu W, Chen W, Hsu MH. 2011. Using a three-dimensional particle-tracking model to estimate the residence time and age of water in a tidal estuary. Comput Geosci 37(8), 1148–1161.
Mellor GL, Yamada T. 1982. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev Geophys 20(4), 851–875.
Harris J, Zhuang H. 2010. An ecosystem approach to resolving conflicts among ecological and economic priorities for Poyang Lake wetlands, available from International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Qin B, Hu W, Gao G, Luo L, Zhang J. 2004. Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu, China. Chin Sci Bull 49, 54–64.
Khosh Kholgh A, Badiei P. 2009. Implementation of baroclinic terms in a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and its application to Anzali Port, Iran. Ocean Engineering 36, 81020.
Zacharias I, Gianni A. 2008. Hydrodynamic and dispersion modeling as a tool for restoration of coastal ecosystems. Application to a re-flooded lagoon. Environmental Modelling & Software 23, 751-767.
Martin Bertasi A, Colangelo A, Colangelo Vries S, Moschella C, Thompson. 2005 November),” Ecological impact of coastal defence structures on sediment and mobile fauna: Evaluating and forecasting consequences ofunavoidable modifications of native habitats.” Journal of Coastal Engineering, Pages 1027–1051.
John C. Warner, Brandy Armstrong, Ruoying He, Joseph B. Zambon. 2010. Development of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System. Ocean Modelling 35,230–244. Bernon،I.،Monde،S.
Pouvreau N, Maurin JC. 2004. Modeling hydrodynamics in the Ebrie.
JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). The Study On Integrated Management For Ecosystem Conservation Of The Anzali Wetland In The Islamic Republic Of Iran, MARCH 2005.
Sajjad Fathi Ozanbolagh, Mohammad Hossein Nik Sokhan, Abdolreza Karbasi, 2017. Evaluation of the changes in the water level in the regions of Anzali Port and Lagoon influenced by the new arrangement of Anzali Breakwaters using MIKE-21. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 11(1), 179-191.
Copyright © 2017 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.