Evaluation of the effectiveness of some plant extracts against cowpea charcoal rot
Paper Details
Evaluation of the effectiveness of some plant extracts against cowpea charcoal rot
Abstract
The charcoal rot of cowpea nowadays represents one of the major constraints of the crop, with 100% losses. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng., Lippia multiflora (Moldenke), and Ocimum americanum L., as well as aqueous extracts from Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile against the disease as an alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. Thus, the aqueous extracts and essential oils were inoculated into PDA at a concentration of 1%, and the fungus was then cultivated to evaluate its radial growth in vitro in the presence of a reference treatment, Calthio C, inoculated into PDA at a rate of 2.5 g per liter, and, as a positive control, simple PDA. In vivo, the essential oils and Calthio C at the same doses were used to treat the seeds of Komcallé and Tiligré cowpeas in the presence of an untreated control. The results showed that all the tested treatments exhibited antifungal activity in vitro on the fungus, with a complete (100%) inhibition of mycelial growth by the essential oils, and Calthio C. E. alba and B. aegyptiaca exerted partial inhibition with radial growths of 3.97 and 3.92 mm, respectively. In vivo, in the greenhouse, the EO of L. multiflora exerted a considerable antifungal effect compared to Calthio C, whereas in the field, the EOs showed low efficacy. Essential oils exhibit interesting antifungal effects.
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