Evaluation of varying concentrations of neem seed extracts in the control of cowpea scab (Sphaceloma SP.)
Paper Details
Evaluation of varying concentrations of neem seed extracts in the control of cowpea scab (Sphaceloma SP.)
Abstract
Cowpea scab caused by Sphaceloma sp. is the most destructive fungal disease of cowpea in northern guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria and indiscriminate use of synthetic fungicides in the control of the disease is posing serious threats to the environment and development of resistance strains. Field experiment was therefore, conducted in Bauchi-Nigeria to evaluate different concentrations of neem seed extracts as safe, cheap and environmentally friendly strategy in the management of cowpea scab. The treatments involved three neem seed formulations namely: Aqueous Neem Seed Extract (ANSE); Neem seed Oil (NSO); and Emulsifiable Neem Seed Oil (ENSO) each evaluated at three different concentrations (10, 15, 20% ANSE; 2, 3, 4l/ha NSO and 1:05, 1:10, 1:15v/v ENSO) along with standard fungicide mancozeb (2.5kg/ha) as check and unsprayed plots serving as control. The neem extracts were applied at weekly intervals and cowpea variety IT88D-867-11 which was highly susceptible to scab was used. Disease incidence and severity were assessed at weekly intervals. The results shows that neem seed extracts reduced the incidence by 8-26%and severity by 5-49%more than the unsprayed plants. Application of 1:05, 1:10v/v ENSO; 15, 20% ANSE was as effective as mancozeb in reducing severity of scab on cowpea stems, peduncles and pods. Cowpea yield loss reduction ranges from 19 – 75% on neem treated plants than the control. Application of 1:05, 1:10 ENSO and 15, 20% ANSE is therefore recommended in the management of cowpea scab infection and can be use as components of cowpea production package.
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