Field survey of diseases, pest and efficacy of three plant powders against flea beetles of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Paper Details
Field survey of diseases, pest and efficacy of three plant powders against flea beetles of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Abstract
Field survey to identify diseases, insect pests of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) MOENCH) and to evaluate the efficacy of three plants powder on flea beetles in Abraka, Oria, Eku and Ovu inland was conducted. Diseased okra parts were collected for isolation and identification in the laboratory using standard mycological manual while two methods of insect capture were employed; handpicking for wingless insects and use of hand net for flying insects. Insect were identified using standard taxonomic keys with the aid of hand lens and light microscope. Laboratory efficacy was done using contact method at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0% in three replicates. The concentrations of Permethrin (at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0%) served as control. Six (6) fungi were isolated from different diseased plants with frequency of occurrence as leaf spot (70%), fruit rot and stem rot (15%) respectively. Isolated fungi with their percentage frequency include Aspergillus fumigantus (16.67%), Cercospora species (31.91%), Fusarium oxysporum (9.05%), Fusarium solani (13.33%), Mucor species (19.05%), and Trichoderma hazianum (10.0%). The insect pest were Podagrica sp. (38.23%), Plagiodera versicolor (19.80%), Platycorynchus peregrinus (7.17%), Solenopsis sp. (6.14%) amongst others. Podagrica sp was used for the study due to its abundance. The various concentrations of powders from Aframomum melegueta, Denettia tripetala and Zingiber officinale used against the test insects showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the insect mortality. The highest mortality (%) was recorded in D. tripetala (LC50= 0.56 and LC95= 3.02) compared to Permethrin (LC50= 0.24 and LC95= 1.49). The highest mortality time was recorded in Permethrin (LT50= 9 hours) compared to D. tripetala (LT50= 13hour/30minutes) and other powders. Therefore, the use of these plant powders especially that of D. tripetala can be a good alternative to the commercial pesticide in insect post control thereby improving environmental safety and avoiding food poisoning.
Adesina JM, Jose AR, Rajashaker Y, Afolabi LA. 2015. EntomoToxicity of Xylopia ethiopica and Aframomum melegueta in Suppressing Oviposition and Adult Emergence of Callasobruchus maculatus (Fabricus) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Infesting Stored Cowpea Seeds. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 8(4), 263-268.
Akbar R, Khan IA. 2015. Population dynamics of insect pests on six okra varieties in Peshawar. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 3(6), 91-94.
Amuji CF, Echezona BC, Dialoke SA. 2012. Extraction fractions of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and residue in the control of field and storage pests. Journal of Agricultural Technology 8(6), 2023-2031.
Barnet HL, Hunter BB. 1999. Illustrated Genera of imperfect fungi 4th edition. The American Phytopathological Society St Paul, Minnesota, USA. P218.
Behrooz SY, Salari M, Pirnia M, Sabbagh SK. 2017. Identification of Cercospora species in southwestern Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research 57(1), 50-55.
Dinler H, Gunay M. Determination of fungal agents in some vegetables seeds in greenhouse production areas in Usak Province. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 8(2), 83-91. 2018.
Dubey NK, Shukla R, Kumar A, Singh P, Prakash B. 2010. Prospects of botanical pesticides in sustainable agriculture. Current Science 98, 479-480.
Echezona BC, Asiegbu JE, Izuagba AA. 2010. Flea Beetle Populations and Economic Yield of Okra as Influenced by Nitrogen and 2, 3-Dihydro-2, 2-Dimethyl Benzofuran. African Crop Science Journal 18(3), 97-105.
Efe SI, Aruegodore PC. 2003. Aspect of microclimate in the Nigerian Rural environment, The Abraka experience. Nigeria Journal of Research and production 2(3), 48-57.
Fasunwon BT, Banjo AD. 2010. Seasonal population fluctuations of Podagrica sp. On okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 6, 283-288.
Gulzar A, Maqsood A, Ahmed M, Tariq M, Ali M, Qureshi R. 2017. Toxicity, antifeedant and sub-lethal effects of Citrullus colocynthis extracts on cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 49, 2019-2026.
Javed M, Majeed MZ, Sufyan M, Ali S, Afzal M. 2018. Field Efficacy of Selected Synthetic and Botanical Insecticides against Lepidopterous Borers, Earias vittella and Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 50(6), 2019-2028.
Kwaifa NM, Ibrahim BI, Aliyu U, Muhammad A, Dangana A. 2015. Insecticidal Effects of Neem Kernel Extracts on Flea Beetle (Podagrica Uniforma J.) Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) in Jega, Kebbi, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 8(12), 57-60.
Nderitu JH, Kasina JM, Kimenju JW, Malenge F. 2008. Evaluation of synthetic and neem-based insecticides for managing aphids on okra (Malvaceae) in Eastern Kenya. Journal of Entomology 5, 207-212.
Ojianwuna CC, Umoru PA. 2010. Effect of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) and Ocimum suave wild basil) applied as mixed and individual powder on Callosobrunchus maculatus (cowpea bruchids). African Journal of Agricultural Research 5(20), 2837-2840.
Okpako EC, Osuagwu AN, Agbor RB. 2013. Repellence effect of aqueous extract of alligator pepper (Aframomum melegueta K. Schum) on insects of Okra. World Rural Observations 5(3), 42-46.
Saifullah M, Rabbani MG. 2009 Evaluation and characteristics of okra (A. esculentus (L.) Moench) genotypes. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 7, 92-99.
Sarmamy AG, Hashim H, Sulayman A. 2011. Insecticidal effects of some aqueous plant extracts on the control of Khapra Trogoderma granarium Evert. In: International Conference of Chemistry, Biology and Environmental Science (ICCEBS’2011), Bangkok pp. 288-292.
Shahzady HM, Ahmad T, Moosa A. 2017 A General Review of Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease of Mungbean and its Management. Int. j. sci. footprints 5(2), 8 1 -84.
Siemonsma JS, Kouame C. 2004. Vegetables plant resource of tropical Africa 2. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands pp. 21-29.
Ukeh DA, Birkett MA, Pickett JA, Bowman AS, Mordue-Luntz AJ. 2009. Repellent activity of alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta, and ginger, Zingiber officinale, against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Phytochemistry 70, 751-758.
Ukeh DA, Umoetok SBA, Udo IA, Abdullah K. 2010. Behavioural and olfactory responses of Sitophiluszeamais (coleoptera: curculionidae) to Aframomum melegueta and Zingiberofficinale oleoresins. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 16(1), 1-8.
Youssef RR, Palmateer A. 2008. Studies on mycological status of sun dried Jew’s mallow leaves and okra fruits. Florida Pant Disease Management Guide, Florida, p.189.
Zim HS, Cottam C. 1987. A Golden Guide: Insect (3rd edn). Golden Press: New York, USA; 4-142.
Ebele Martina Ilondu, Victor Ngozi Enwemiwe (2019), Field survey of diseases, pest and efficacy of three plant powders against flea beetles of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench; IJB, V15, N1, July, P554-563
https://innspub.net/field-survey-of-diseases-pest-and-efficacy-of-three-plant-powders-against-flea-beetles-of-okra-abelmoschus-esculentus-l-moench/
Copyright © 2019
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0