Foliar applied iron and zinc improves the growth, physiological and yield related traits of wheat under drought
Paper Details
Foliar applied iron and zinc improves the growth, physiological and yield related traits of wheat under drought
Abstract
Water is the basic unit for sustaining healthy plant life. Limited or unavailability of water leads to ultimate plant death. Drought severely affects the yield of wheat, especially when it occurs at the critical growth stages like tillering and anthesis. Therefore, attempts have been and being made to develop measures to combat the drought effects in wheat. This study investigated the sole and/or integrated use of Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) spray on growth and yield of Wheat under drought stress. Drought was created at the tillering and anthesis stages by withholding the irrigation. At both these stages, different doses of Zn and Fe were applied alone and/or in combination. Results revealed that drought stress significantly (P<0.05) reduced the 1000- grain weight (30 vs. 42g), number of grains per spike (27 vs. 62), spike length (11 vs. 17cm), number of spikelets per spike (22 vs. 9) physiological (leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance & photosynthetic rate) and water related traits. Combine application of Fe and Zn to wheat under drought significantly increased the 1000 grain weight (40g), seed yield (5350 kg/ha), relative water content, leaf osmotic potential, leaf water potential, protein content (16%) and spike length (16cm). The Zn was more effective in mitigating the ill impacts of drought as compared to the Fe alone. While, combine spray of both Zn and Fe, gave best results as compared to the sole application of either nutrient. Results of this study lead us to conclude that both Zn and Fe have the ability to compensate the detrimental effects caused by drought stress and their combine use can be more useful as compared to their sole usage.
Abbas G, Khan MQ, Jamil M, Tahir M, Hussain F. 2009. Nutrient uptake, growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by zinc application rates. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11, 389-396.
Abolhasani K, Saeidi G. 2004. Relationships between agronomic characteristic of safflower under water stress and control conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 1, 127-138.
Ahmad S, Raza MAS, Saleem MF, Zahra SS, Khan IH, Ali M, Shahid AM, Iqbal R, Zaheer, MS. 2015. Mulching strategies for weeds control and water conservation in cotton. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 8, 299-306.
Alyari H, Shekari F. 2000. Oil seeds. Amidi Press. Tabriz. 182.
Alkhaldi A, Aldarir AN, Janat M, Wahbi MA, Arslan A. 2012. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation and partial root-zone drying on some quantitative indicators and the efficiency of adding nitrogen fertilizer to (Zea mays L.) by using n15 Isotope. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences 12, 1223-1235.
Asad A, Rafique R. 2002. Indentification of micronutrients deficiency of wheat in the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan. Communication in Soil-Science and Plant Analysis 33, 349-364.
Ashraf M, Shahbaz M, Ali Q. 2013. Drought-induced modulation in growth and mineral nutrients in rape (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 45, 93-98.
Babaeian M, Heidari M, Ghanbari A. 2010. Effect of water stress and foliar micronutrient application on physiological characteristics and nutrient uptake in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).Iranian Journal of Crop Science 12, 311-391.
Baybordi A. 2004 – Effect of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu on the quality of wheat under salinity stress. Journal of Water and Soil Science 17, 140-150.
Baydar H, Erbas S. 2005. Influence of seed development and seed position on oil, faty acids and total tocophorol contents in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture 29, 179-186.
Baloch MJ, Dunwell J, Khan NU, Khakwani AA, Dennett M, Jatoi WA. 2012. Profiling dehydrin gene sequence and physiological parameters in drought tolerant and susceptible spring wheat cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44, 801-806.
Black RE, Lindsay HA, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, DeOnnis M, Ezzati M, Mathers C, Rivera J. 2008. Maternal and child under nutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 371, 243-260.
Breiman A, Graur D. 1995. Wheat evolution. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, 85-98.
Ehdaie B, Alloush GA, Waines JG. 2008. Genotypic variation in linear rate of grain growth and contribution of stem reserves to grain yield in wheat. Field Crops Research 106, 34-43.
El-Majid AA, Knany RE, El-Fotoh HGA. 2000. Effect of foliar application of some micronutrients on wheat yield and quality. Journal of Agricultural Sciences1 301-313.
Gaffar A, Ehsanullah, Nadeem A, Sultan HK. 2011. Influence of zinc and iron on yield and quality of sugarcane planted under various trench spacing. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 48, 25-33.
Govt. of Pakistan. 2014. Economic Survey of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Finance Division, Economic Advisors wing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Habib M. 2009. Effect of foliar application of Zn and Fe on wheat yield and quality. African Journal of Biotechnology 8, 6795-6798.
Hadi A, Taran SA, Azeem A, Saeed Z, Aslam, M. 1997. Wheat response to zinc application in rice growing area of Balochistan. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science 13, 25-27.
Hafeez B, Khanif YM, Saleem M. 2013. Role of Zinc in plant nutrition, A-review, American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3, 374-391.
ISO. 2009. Food products – Determination of the total nitrogen content by combustion according to the Dumas principle and calculation of the crude protein content- Part 2: Cereals, pulses and milled cereal products. ISO/TS 16634-2: 1-25.
Jaleel CA, Manivannan PA, Wahid A, Farooq M, Al-Juburi HJ, Somasundaram R, Panneerselvam R. 2009. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11, 100-105.
Jam E, Sajed K, Ebadi A, Farjaminejad R, Ghasempour F. 2012. Effect of Fe and Zn micronutrients spray on grain yield of autumn wheat in Ardabil Region, Iran. Plant Ecophysiology 3, 101-107.
Jiang Y, Huang B. 2002. Protein alterations in tall fescue in response to drought stress and abscisic acid. Journal of Crop Sciences 42, 202-207.
Karam F, Lahoud R, Masaad R. 2007. Evaporation, seed yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated sun flower under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural Water Management 90, 213- 235.
Ken P. 2004. Forms of micronutrient fertilizers. Sask. Agriculture & Food, Rigas Karamanos (Westco), Agric. and Agri-Food Canada: 1-10.
Khan MB, Farooq M, Shahnawaz MH, Shabir G. 2010. Foliar application of micronutrients improves the wheat yield and net economic return. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12, 953-956.
Khanzada B, Ashraf MY, Ala SA, Alam SM, Shirazi MU, Ansari MU. 2001. Water relations in different Guar (Cyamopsistetra gonoloba L.) genotypes under water stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany 33, 279-287.
Khakwani AA, Dennett MD, Khan NU, Munir M, Baloch MJ, Latif A, Gul S. 2013. Stomatal and chlorophyll limitations of wheat cultivars subjected to water stress at booting and anthesis stages. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45, 1925-1932.
Kholdebarin B, Islamzadeh T. 2002. Mineral feeding of higher plants. 1, Shiraz University Press, p, 500.
Lindner RC. 1944. Rapid analytical methods for some of the more common inorganic constituents of plant tissues. Plant Physiology.1, 76.
Lev-Yadun S, Gopher A, Abbo S. 2000. The Cradle of Agriculture Science 288, 1602-1603.
Maqbool MM, Ali A, Haq T, Majeed MN, Lee DJ. 2015. Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to induced water stress at critical growth stages. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 31, 53-58.
Monjezi F, Vazin F, Hassan M. 2013. Effect of iron and zinc spray on wheat in drought stress, Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 1, 153.
Murphy K, Hoagland L, Reeves P, Jones S. 2008. Effect of cultivar and soil characteristics on nutritional value in organic and conventional wheat. 16th IFOAM Organic World Conference in Cooperation with the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and the Consorzio Modena Bio., Modena, Italy, 18-20 June. 614-617.
Potarzycki J, Grzebisz W. 2009. Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding components. Plant, Soil and Environment 55, 519-527.
Raza MAS, Saleem MF, Ashraf MY, Ali A, Asghar HN. 2012a. Glycine betaine applied under drought improved the physiological efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant, Soil and Environment 31, 67-71.
Raza MAS, Saleem MF, Anjum SA, Khaliqand T, Wahid MA. 2012b. Foliar application of potassium under water deficit conditions improved the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Journal of Animal and Plant Science 22, 431-437.
Sanchez-Blanco MJ, Rodriguez P, Morales MA, Ortuno MF, Torrecillas A. 2002. Comparative growth and water relations of Cistus albidus and Cistus monspeliensis plants during water deficit conditions and recovery. Plant Science 162, 107-113.
Seadh SE, Abady EL, ElGhamry MI, Farouk AM. 2009. Influence of micronutrients foliar application and nitrogen fertilization on wheat yield and quality of grain and seed. Journal of Biological Sciences 9, 851-858.
Siddique MRB, Hamid A, Islam M.S. 2000. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botanical Bulletin Academia Sinica 41, 35-39.
Stikic R, Popovic S, Srdic M, Savic D, Jovanovic Z, Prokic LJ, Zdravkovic J. 2003. Partial root drying (PRD): a new technique for growing plants that saves water and improves the quality of fruit. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology 29, 164-171.
Soriano MA, Orgaz F, Villalobos FJ, Fereres E. 2004. Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower. European Journal of Agronomy 21, 465-476.
Taheri S, Saba J, Shekari F, Abdullah TL. 2013. Effects of drought stress condition on the yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. African Journal of Biotechnology 10, 18339-18348.
Vaughan JG, Judd PA. 2003. The Oxford Book of Health Foods. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850459-4, p 35.
Wang S, Gong H, Zhu X, Chen K, Zhang C. 2005. Silicon alleviate oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Journal of Plant Science 169, 313-321.
Yahyavi Tabriz SH, Sadrabadi HR. 2004. Effect of irrigation on yield and yield component of three spring canola cultivars under environmental of Tabriz. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 1, 305-313.
Yang JC, Zhang JH, Wang ZQ, Xu GW, Zhu QS. 2004. Activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in wheat grains subjected to water deficit during grain filling. Journal of Plant Physiology 135, 1621-1629.
Yari L, Modares MA, Sorushzade A. 2005. The effect of foliar application of Mn and Zn on qualitative characters in five spring safflower cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil Science 18, 143-151.
Yilmaz A, Ekiz H, Torun B, Gultekin B, Karanlik S, Bagci SA, Cakmak I. 1997. Effect of different zinc application methods on grain yield and zinc concentration in wheat grown on zinc-deficient calcareous soils in Central Anatolia. Journal of Plant Nutrition 20, 461-471.
Zeidan MS, Mohamed FM, Hamouda HA. 2010. Effect of Foliar Fertilization of Fe, Mn and Zn on Wheat Yield and Quality in Low Sandy Soils Fertility. World Journal of Agriculture Science 6, 696-699.
Ziaeian AH, Malakoti MJ. 2002. Effects of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu fertilization on the yield and grain quality of wheat in the calcareous soils of Iran. Journal of Plant Nutrition 92, 840-841.
Zhang J, Sun J, Duan A, Wang J, Shen X, Liu X. 2007. Effects of different planting patterns on water use and yield performance of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China. Agricultural Water Management 92, 41-47.
Rashid Iqbal, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Imran Haider Khan, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Salman Ahmad, Imran Haider, Muhammad Usman Aslam, Monika Toleikiene (2019), Foliar applied iron and zinc improves the growth, physiological and yield related traits of wheat under drought; IJB, V14, N3, March, P361-372
https://innspub.net/foliar-applied-iron-and-zinc-improves-the-growth-physiological-and-yield-related-traits-of-wheat-under-drought/
Copyright © 2019
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0