Formulation and Evaluation of Alugbati-Based Nasal Spray: A Preliminary study for the Adjunct Management of Allergic Rhinitis

Paper Details

Research Paper 20/08/2022
Views (1523) Download (147)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Formulation and Evaluation of Alugbati-Based Nasal Spray: A Preliminary study for the Adjunct Management of Allergic Rhinitis

Michael Enri T. Martinez, Kenelie Zcerina A. Melad, Jaira Jade B. Milandres, Ramel A. Mordido, Elvie Rose L. Palad, Park Jay B. Panopio, Jinky Marie T. Chua
Int. J. Biosci.21( 2), 328-339, August 2022.
Certificate: IJB 2022 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is a nasal inflammation produced by an allergic reaction to allergens that affects a significant number of Asian populations, particularly in tropical countries like the Philippines. The Philippine Bureau of Plant Industry promotes Basella alba, also known as Alugbati, which has been reported to have cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of B. alba Leaf extract as a nasal spray for allergic rhinitis in Sprague Dawley rats. 27 rats were divided into three groups: the negative control, positive control, and the treatment group which received the formulated B. alba nasal spray. The inflammatory impact of white blood cells (WBC) was studied in each group. Ciliary loss, reduction in goblet cells, degree of eosinophil infiltration, and vascular congestion were graded and observed during the histological investigation. Compared to the positive control group, the Formulation group showed no significant change in the histological scores but displayed clinical significance as shown in the samples microscopically. When observing WBC count, there’s a significant difference between the Formulation group and the Positive control group, posthoc analysis revealed that the Formulation group was more effective in normalizing WBC count 24 hours post provocation/administration. An acute inhalation toxicity test showed that the extract is classified as “practically non-toxic”. Therefore, formulated Alugbati nasal spray is a potential alternative and is effective to use in an animal model of allergic rhinitis. Further tests such as ELISA are recommended to specifically determine the mechanism of action of the formulation.

VIEWS 591

Abong JM, Kwong SL, Alava HD, Castor MA, De Leon JC. 2012.   Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Filipino adults based on the National Nutrition and Health Survey 2008.   Asia Pacific Allergy 2(2), 129-135. https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.2.129

Bamidele O, Akinnuga AM, Olorunfemi JO, Odetolo OA, Oparaji CK, Ezelgbo N. 2010. Effects of aqueous extract of Basella alba leaves on haematological and biochemical parameters in Albino rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 9, 6952-6955.

Bourdin A, Gras D, Vachier I, Chanez P. 2009. Upper airway 1: Allergic rhinitis and asthma: united disease through epithelial cells. Thorax 64, 999-1004.

Chaitanya BK. 2012. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Basella Alba Linn. in Albino Rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 87-89.

Chong S, Chew F. 2018. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in Asia. World Allergy Organizational Journal, p 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40413-018-0198-z

Duke JA, Ayensu ES. 1985. Medicinal plants of China. Reference publications, Inc. ISBN 0-917256-20-4.

Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL. 2010. Rhinitis and sinusitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 125, S103-115.

Ercan I, Cakir BO, Başak T, Özbal EA, Şahin A, Balci G, Turgut S. 2006 Effects of Topical Application of Methotrexate on Nasal Mucosa in Rats: A Preclinical Assessment Study. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 134(5), 751–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.11.046

Fitriani D, Elya D, Noviani A. 2020. Specific and non-specific parameters based on simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions of star fruit leaves (averrhoa carambola l). International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 112–115. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.ff02

Grubben GJH, Denton OA. 2004. Plant Resources of Tropical African vegetables. Wageningen; Backhuys Leiden (CTA). Wageningen: PROTA Foundation.

Guidance for Industry. 2002. Nasal Spray and Inhalation Solution, Suspension, and Spray Drug Products—Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls Documentation.

Kachchhava AB. 2006. Studies on anticonvulsant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extracts of Basella alba. Dissertation work Submitted to the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore.

Khare CP. 2007. Indian Medicinal Plants: An illustrated dictionary. Springer-Verlag Berlin/ Heidenberg, p 83.

Kimbell JS, Segal RA, Asgharian B, Wong, BA, Schroeter JD, Southall JP, Miller FJ. 2007. Characterization of Deposition from Nasal Spray Devices Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of the Human Nasal Passages. Journal of Aerosol Medicine 20(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1089/jam.2006.0531

Gunasekaran B. 2015. Phytocomponents, safety, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic and anti-atherosclerotic properties of Basella alba L. leaf extract. Doctoral thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Kumar V, Bhat ZA, Kumar D, Bohra P, Sheela, S. 2011. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts of Basella Alba Linn. var. Alba. International Journal of Drug Development and Research 3(2), 176-179.

Kumar S, Prasad A, Iyer S, Vaidya S. 2013. Systematic pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological review of ethno medicinal plant, Basella alba L. Journal ofPharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 5(4), p 53-58. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPP12.0256

Luqman S, Rizvi S, Beer AM, Khare S, Atukeren P. 2014. Efficacy of Herbal Drugs in Human Diseases and Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014 p 2. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/273676

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2018. OECD Test No. 433: Acute Inhalation Toxicity. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4: Health Effects.

Papsin B, McTavish A. 2003. Saline nasal irrigation. Its role as an adjunct treatment. Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien 49. 168-73.

Rodda R, Kota A, Sindhuri T, Kumar SA, Gnananath K. 2012. Investigation on anti-inflammatory property of Basella alba L. leaf extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, 452-454.

Small P, Frenkiel S, Becker A, Boisvert P, Bouchard J, Carr S, Cockcroft D, Denburg J, Desrosiers M, Gall R, Hamid Q, Hébert J, Javer A, Keith P, Kim H, Lavigne F, Lemièr C, Massoud E, Payton K, Schellenberg B, Sussman G, Tannenbaum D, Watson W, Witterick I, Wright E. 2007. Rhinitis: A Practical and Comprehensive Approach to Assessment and Therapy. Journal of Otolaryngology – J OTOLARYNGOL. 36(1), S5-S27. https://doi.org/10.2310/7070.2006.X002.

Senturk E, Yildirim YS, Dogan R. 2018. Assessment of the effectiveness of cyclosporine nasal spray in an animal model of allergic rhinitis. European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology 275, 117–124 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4786-2

Sur DK, Scandale S. 2010. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. American Family Physician 81(12), 1440–1446.

Tongco JV, Anis AD, Tamayo JP. 2015. Nutritional Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, and Total Phenolic Nutritional Analysis, Phytochemical Screening, and Total Phenolic. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 7(5), 1031-1033.

Wen WD, Yuan F, Wang JL, Hou YP. 2007 Botulinum toxin therapy in the ovalbumin-sensitized rat. Neuro-immunomodulation 14, 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107422