Growth and physiological responses of cereals speciesunder lead stress
Paper Details
Growth and physiological responses of cereals speciesunder lead stress
Abstract
Cereals are the most important staple foods for mankind worldwide and represent the main constituent of animal feed. Their toxicity depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure, and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics, and nutritional status of exposed individuals. A study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of lead on morphological parameters (root length), the concentrations of chlorophyll in plant leaves provide information about the physiological state of plants and were determined using a spectrophotometer. Seed were grown under laboratory conditions at 0, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 g/l of metal ions of lead. The experiment was evaluated in Petri dishes over a period of 14 days. All results, when compared to control, showed Pb adversely affecting the morphological and physiological parameters of the test plants. All cereal species showed very higher decrease (p< 0.001) in radicle length to increased level of Pb (CH3COO)2. However, a significant decrease of radicle number for all plants was observed at concentrations 0.6 g/l of metal. The increase in lead concentration also caused a decline in the net rate of chlorophyll total in Triticoseale wittmack. Among the 4 studied plants, the most sensitive to Pb exposure were Triticoseale wittmack.
Antizar-Ladislao B. 2008. Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT) contaminated marine environment. A review. Environmental International 34(2), 292-308. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.09.005
Arias JA, Peralta-Videa JR, Ellzey JT, Ren M,Viveros MN, Gardea-Torresdey JL. 2010.Effects of Glomus deserticola inoculation on Prosopis: enhancing chromium and lead uptake and translocation as confirmed by X-ray mapping, ICP-OES and TEM techniques. Environmental and Experimental Botany 68(2), 139–148. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.08.009
Arshad M, Silvestre J, Pinelli E, Kallerhoff J, Kaemmerer M, Tarigo A, Shahid M, GuiresseM, Pradere P, Dumat C. 2008.A field study of lead phytoextraction by various scented Pelargonium cultivars. Chemosphere 71(11), 2187–2192. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.02.013
Barrs HD,Weatherley PE. 1962. A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 15(3), 413-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/BI9620413
Beyersmann D, Hartwig A. 2008.Carcinogenic metal compounds: recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms. Archives of Toxicology 82(8), 493–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-008-0313-y
Cenkci S, Cigerci IH, Yildiz M, Özay C, Bozdag A, Terzi H. 2010.Lead contamination reduces chlorophyll biosynthesis and genomic template stability in Brassica rapa L. Environmental and Experimental Botany 67(3), 467–473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.10.001.
Chang LW, Magos L, Suzuki T.1996.Toxicology of Metals. Boca Raton. FL, USA: CRC Press.
Chatterjee C, Dube BK, Sinha P, Srivastava P. 2004.Detrimental effects of lead phytotoxicity on growth, yield, and metabolism of rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35(1–2), 255–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120027648
Chen J, Zhu C, Li L, Sun Z, Pan X. 2007.Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 19(1), 44–49.
Dey SK, Dey J, Patra S, Pothal D. 2007. Changes in the antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in wheat seedlings exposed to cadmium and lead stress. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 19(1), 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S167704202007000100006
Elzbieta W, Miroslawa C. 2005.Lead-induced histological and ultrastructural changes in the leaves of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 51(2), 203–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.17470765.2005.tb00024.x
Gebregziabher B, Tesfaye S. 2014. Assessment of levels of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc contamination in selected edible vegetables. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies 7(1), 78-86.
Gopal R, Rizvi AH. 2008. Excess lead alters growth, metabolism and translocation of certain nutrients in radish. Chemosphere 70(9), 1539–1544. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.043
Gupta D, Nicoloso F, Schetinger M, Rossato L, Pereira L, Castro G, Srivastava S, Tripathi R. 2009. Antioxidant defense mechanism in hydroponically grown Zea mays seedlings under moderate lead stress. Journal of Hazardous Materials 172(1), 479–484. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.141
Harrièche.2004. Effects of cadmium and cadmium-calcium combinations on the germination and respiratory metabolism of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf). Magister memory. University Annaba, 63 p.
Hu J, Shi G, Xu Q, Wang X, Yuan Q, Du K. 2007.Effects of Pb2+ on the active oxygen scavenging enzyme activities and ultrastructure in Potamogeton crispus leaves. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 54(3), 414–419. https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1021443707030181
Islam E, Yang X, Li T, Liu D, Jin X, Meng F. 2007.Effect of Pb toxicity on root morphology, physiology and ultra structure in the two ecotypes of Elsholtzia argyi. Journal of Hazardous Materials 147(3), 806–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.117
ISTA. 2003. International Rules for Seed Testing. Zurich, Switzerland.
Kaur G, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. 2013.Lead (Pb)-induced biochemical and ultrastructural changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots. Protoplasma 250 (1), 53–62. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-011-0372-4
Kopittke PM, Asher CJ, Kopittke RA, Menzies NW. 2007.Toxic effects of Pb2+ on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Environmental Pollution 150(2), 280–287. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.011
Kosobrukhov A, Knyazeva I, Mudrik V. 2004.Plantago major plants responses to increase content of lead in soil: growth and photosynthesis. Plant Growth Regulation 42(2), 145–151. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:GROW.0000017490.59607.6b
Kozhevnikova AD, Seregin IV, Bystrova EI, Belyaeva AI, Kataeva MN, Ivanov VB. 2009.The effects of lead, nickel, and strontium nitrates on cell division and elongation in maize roots. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 56(2), 242–250. https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1021443709020137
Liu D, Li T, Jin X, Yang X, Islam E, Mahmood Q. 2008.Lead induced changes in the growth and antioxidant metabolism of the lead accumulating and non accumulating ecotypes of Sedum alfredii. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 50(2), 129–140. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00608.x
Malecka A, Piechalak A, Tomaszewska B. 2009.Reactive oxygen species production and antioxidative defense system in pea root tissues treated with lead ions: the whole roots level. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 31(5), 1053–1063. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0326-z
Mishra S, Srivastava S, Tripathi R, Kumar R, Seth C, Gupta D. 2006.Lead detoxification by coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) involves induction of phytochelatins and antioxidant system in response to its accumulation. Chemosphere 65(6), 1027–1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.033
Munzuroglu O, Geckil H. 2002.Effects of metals on seed germination, root elongation, and coleoptile and hypocotyl growth in Triticum aestivum and Cucumis sativus. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 43(2), 203–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1116-4
Piotrowska A, Bajguz A, Godlewska-Zylkiewicz B, Czerpak R, Kaminska M. 2009.Jasmonic acid as modulator of lead toxicity in aquatic plant Wolffia arrhiza (Lemnaceae). Environmental and Experimental Botany 66(3), 507–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.03.019
Qufei L, Fashui H. 2009.Effects of Pb2+ on the Structure and Function of Photo system II of Spirodela polyrrhiza. Biological Trace Element Research 129(1), 251–260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8283-8
Sarwar MH, Sarwar MF, Sarwar M, Qadr NA, Moghal S. 2013.The importance of cereals (Poaceae: Gramineae) nutrition in human health: A review. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds 4(3), 32-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JCO12.023
Simmons SR, Oelke EA, Anderson PM. 1995.Growth and development guide for spring wheat.
Singh R, Tripathi RD, Dwivedi S, Kumar A, Trivedi PK, Chakrabarty D. 2010. Lead bioaccumulation potential of an aquatic macrophyte Najas indica are related to antioxidant system. Bioresource Technology 101(9), 3025–3032. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.031
Souahi H, Meksem Amara L, Grara N, Djebar MR. 2014. Physiology and biochemistry effects of herbicides Sekator and Zoom on two varieties of wheat (Waha and HD) in semi-arid region. Annual Research & Review in Biology 5(5), 449-459. https://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2015/9349
Tegegne A. 2015. Assessment of some heavy metals concentration in selected cereals collected from local markets of Ambo City, Ethiopia. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds 6(2), 8-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JCO15.0138
Wang S, Shi X. 2001.Molecular mechanisms of metal toxicity and carcinogenesis. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 222(1), 3–9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017918013293
Xiong Z, Zhao F, Li M. 2006.Lead toxicity in Brassica pekinensis Rupr: effect on nitrate assimilation and growth. Environmental Toxicology 21(2), 147–153. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20167
Yan ZZ, Ke L, Tam NFY. 2010. Lead stress in seedlings of Avicennia marina, a common mangrove species in South China, with and without cotyledons. Aquatic Botany 92(2), 112–118. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.10.014
Hana Souahi, Ahlem Gharbi, Zina Gassarellil, 2017. Growth and physiological responses of cereals speciesunder lead stress. Int. J. Biosci., 11(1), 266-273.
Copyright © 2017 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.