Growth response of soybean to the application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and foliar methanol spraying in field conditions
Paper Details
Growth response of soybean to the application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and foliar methanol spraying in field conditions
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study the effects of foliar methanol spraying and seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on phenology and growth of two soybean cultivars using a split-split plot layout with randomized complete block design in three replications. Two treatments of non-application and application of biofertilizer (B. japonicum) were compared in main plots. Three levels of methanol including: 0 (distilled water), 15 and 30 % (v/v) were assigned in subplots and two soybean cultivars including Clark and TMS were applied in sub-subplots. Growth stages of soybean including flowering, podding and physiological maturity, biomass dry weight and chlorophyll conent of leaves were determined. Results showed that podding stage of soybean was accelerated as the result of methanol spraying. Seed inoculation with B. japonicum increased the plant biomass compared with control and foliar spraying by 15% methanol produced the highest rate of plant biomass in comparison with 30% methanol and control. The highest amount of leaf chlorophyll content was recorded by using of 15% methanol and inoculation of plant with B. japonicam. Numbers of days from sowing to different growth stages in TMS were significantly lower than those of Clark. TMS was superior than Clark in terms of biomass production and chlorophyll content. According to the results of this experiment seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and foliar spraying by moderate concentration of methanol led to significant improvement in growth traits of soybean plants, and TMS was more compatible to regional conditions as compared with Clark cultiva.
Abanda-Nkpwatt D, Musch M, Tschiersch J, Boettner M, Schwab W. 2006. Molecular interaction between Methylobacterium extorquens and seedlings: growth promotion, methanol consumption, and localization of the methanol emission site. Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (15), 4025-4032.
Egamberdiyeva D, Qarshieva D, Davranov K. 2004. The Use of Bradyrhizobium to Enhance Growth and Yield of Soybean in Calcareous Soil in Uzbekistan. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 23, 54-57.
Elmore RW. 1984. Soybean Inoculation-When is it necessary? University of Nebraska.
Fall R, Benson AA. 1996. Leaf methanol – the simplest natural product from plants. Trends in Plant Science 1 (9), 296-301.
Fehr WR, Caviness CE, Burmood DT, Pennington JS. 1971. Stage of development descriptions for soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Crop Science 11, 929-931.
Hernandez LF, Pellegrini CN, Malla LM. 2000. Effect of foliar application of methanol on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Phyton, International Journal of Experimental Botany 66, 1-8.
Koukourikou-Petridou M, Koukounaras A. 2002.The effect of methanol on the growth and chlorophyll content of tomato and pepper. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)579, 271-274.
Li Y, Gupta G, Joshi JM, Siyumbano AK. 1995. Effect of methanol on soybean photosynthesis and chlorophyll. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18 (9), 1875-1880.
Madhaiyan M, Poonguzhali S, Sundaram SP, Sa TM. 2006. A new insight into foliar applied methanol influencing phylloplane methylotrophic dynamics and growth promotion of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 57, 168-176.
MacDonald R, Fall R. 1993. Detection of substantial emissions of methanol from plants to the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 27A, 1709-1713.
McGiffen ME, Green RL, Manthey JA, Faber BA, Downer AJ, Sakovich NJ, Aguiar J. 1995. Field tests of methanol as a crop yield enhancer. HortScience 30 (6), 1225-1228.
Meghvansi MK, Prasad K, Harwani D, Mahna SK. 2008. Response of soybean cultivars toward inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the alluvial soil. European Journal of soil biology 44, 316-323.
Nemecek-Marshall M, MacDonald RC, Franzen JJ, Wojciechowski CL, Fall R. 1995. Methanol emission from leaves: Enzymatic detection of gas phase methanol and relation methanol fluxes to stomatal conductance and leaf development. Plant Physiology 108, 1359-1368.
Nonomura AR, Benson AA. 1992. The path of carbon in photosynthesis: Improved crop yields with methanol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 89, 9794-9798.
Paknejad F, Mirakhori M, Jami Al-Ahmadi M, Tookalo MR, Pazoki AR, Nazeri P. 2009. Physiological response of soybean (Glycine max) to foliar application of methanol under different soil moistures. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4 (4), 311-318.
Rajala A, Karkkainen J, Peltonen J, Peltonen-Sainio P. 1998. Foliar applications of alcohols failed to enhance growth and yield of C3 crops. Industrial Crops and Products 7, 129-137.
Ramirez I, Dorta F, Espinoza V, Jimenez E, Mercado A, Pena-Cortes H. 2006. Effects of Foliar and root applications of methanol on the growth of arabidopsis, tobacco, and tomato plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 25, 30-44.
Sinclair TR, Cassman KG. 2004. Agronomic UFOs. Field Crops Research 88, 9-10.
Thelen K, Schulz T. 2011. Soybean Seed Applied Inoculation. soybean management and research technology, Michigan State University
Wutscher H. 1994. The effect of methanol on orange fruit quality. HortScience 29, 575.
Zbiec I, Karczmarczyk S. 1997. Effect of methanol on some plants. Romanian Agriculrural Research 7-8, 45-49.
Zbiec I, Karczmarczyk S, Podsiadlo C. 2003. Response of some cultivated plants to methanol as compared to supplemental irrigation. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities 6 (1), #01.
Zhang H, Prithiviraj B, Charles TC, Driscoll BT, Smith DL. 2003. Low temperature tolerant Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains allowing improved nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean in a short season (cool spring) area. European Journal of Agronomy 19, 205-213.
Arvin Saadpanah, Asad Rokhzadi, Khosro Mohammadi, 2013. Growth response of soybean to the application of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and foliar methanol spraying in field conditions. Int. J. Biosci., 3(4), 128-134.
Copyright © 2013 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.