Harmful effects of stone crushing dust pollution on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit plant
Paper Details
Harmful effects of stone crushing dust pollution on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit plant
Abstract
This research was carried out on Punicagranitum L. grown near Abbaseen stone crushing plant at Kuchlak District Quetta of Balochistan, Pakistan. The investigation was aimed to understand the adverse effects of stone crushing dust pollution on morphological, physiological, growth, fruit quality and productivity of Punica granatum L.. The plants leaves and fruits were collected from three polluted sites with the distance of 200, 400 and 600 meters away from the stone crushing units respectively. Whereas a locality of 5000 meters away from stone crushing location comparatively clean air considered as a control sampling. Results showed that the dust load on the leaf surface was reported (1.16, 0.84, 0.62 and 0.13µg/cm2) at location 200, 400, 600 and 5000 m sites respectively. The site nearest (200 m) to the stone crushing units, contained highest dust amount showed significant destructive effects on the leaf physio-morphological characteristics, fruit yield and quality characteristics of Punica granatum L. The consequences of this study also revealed that a fine aerosol of stone dust is emitted from the crushing units has significantly effects on plant height (110.6-144 cm), Stem size (18.42-24.06cm) and tree canopy (108.6-142.0 cm2). Petiole length, leaf length, breadth and Leaf area near to the stone crushing units was found; 0.3-0.6 cm, 5.3-6.6 cm, 1.9-2.6cm and 6.2-7.2cm2. Leaf relative water content (41.83-75.23%) and Fruit Moisture Content (58.21-77.43%) was also noted significantly less at polluted site. More number of closed stomata/ cm2, decrease in photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance with an enhanced level of sub stomatal CO2 concentration was also reported near the crushing unit with respect to the control site. Results also showed less chlorophyll contents at polluted site. Number of fruits/tree and Fruit Size was also noted significantly low as compared to control site (5000 m). From the result it was concluded that the distance is directly proportional to the growth, yield, physiological and morphological characteristics of this plant.
Abdel-Rahman AM, Ibrahim MM. 2012. Effect of cement dust deposition on physiological behaviors of some halophytes in the salt marshes of Red Sea. Academic Journal of Biology Science 3, 1-11.
Anonymous. 1999. Prevention and control exchange: hazard prevention and control in the work environment (p 219). Geneva: WHO.
AOAC. 2005. Official methods of analysis, 18th ed. Association of Official; Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
Bhatti G, Iqbal MZ. 1988. Investigations into the effect of automobile exhausts on the phenology, periodicity and productivity of some roadside trees. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 57, 395-399.
Chatter H. 1991. Effect of Cement dust on the enzymatic activity in the levels of Triticum aestivum. Acta Ecologica 13, 113-119.
Chauhan A. 2010.Tree as bio indicator of automobile pollution in Dehradun City: A case study. NewYork Science Journal 3, 88-95.
Das DK, Nandi A. 2002. Health hazard in stone quarries and crushers. Science and Technology Project, Government of India, NISM, Kolkata.
Davis BH. 1976. Carotenoids. in: Goodwin, T. W. (Ed) Chemistry and biochemistry of plant pigments. Vol. 2. Academic Press, NY, p 38-165.
Dineva SB. 2004.Comparative studies of the leaf morphology and structure of white ash Fraxinus americana L. and London plane tree Platanus acerifolia Willd growing in polluted area. Dendrobiology 52, 3-8.
Gami AH, Patel NK. 2015. Comparing study of Marble Dust fall and Examine Chlorophyll content in various seasons on vegetation of Danta Taluka. International Research Journal of Chemistry 9, 33-45.
Gupta MC, Ghous AKM. 1988. Leaf epidermal responses of Tridaxprocumbens L. to coal-smoke pollution In Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 58, 93-6.
Iqbal MZ, Shafiq M. 1999. Impact of vehicular emission on germination and growth of Neem (Azadirachta indica) tree. Hamdard Medicus 42, 65-69.
Iqbal MZ, Shafiq M. 2000. Periodical effect of cement dust pollution on the growth of some plant species. Turkish Journal of Botany 25, 19-24.
Larcher W. 1995. Photosynthesis as a tool for indicating temperature stress events. In Ecophysiology of photosynthesis (pp. 261-277). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Leghari SK, Zaid MA, Sarangzai AM, Faheem M, Shawani GR. 2014. Effect of road side dust pollution on the growth and total chlorophyll contents in Vitis vinifera L. (grape). African Journal of Biotechnology 13, 1237-1242.
Leghari SK, Zaidi MA, Razaq G. 2015. Impact of solid waste burning air pollution on some physio-anatomical characteristics of some plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany 47, 225-232.
Leghari SK, Zaidi MA, Ahmed M, Nazim K. 2011. Air pollution tolerance index (Apti) of various plant species growing in Quetta city, Pakistan. Fuuast Journal of Biology 1, 81-86.
Leghari SK, Zaidi MA, Siddiqui MF, Sarangzai AM, Sheikh S, Arsalan. 2019a. Dust exposure risk from stone crushing to workers and locally grown plant species in Quetta, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191, 740.
Leghari SK, Akbar A, Qasim S, Sami Ullah, Asrar M, Rohail H, Ahmed S, Mehmood K, Ali I. 2019b. Estimating anticipated performance index and air pollution tolerance index of some trees and ornamental plant species for the construction of green belts. Polish Journal Environmental Study 28, 1-11.
Leghari SK, Zaidi MA, Siddiqui MF, Sarangzai AM, Shawani GR. 2018. Stone crushing dust affects the yield and quality of apricot fruit. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 55, 441–447.
Leghari SK, Zaidi MA. 2013. Effect of air pollution on the leaf morphology of common plant species of Quetta City. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45, 447–454.
Mir QA, Yazdani T, Kumar A, Narain K, Yunus M. 2008. Vehicular population and pigment content of certain avenue trees. Pollution Research 27, 59-63.
Mishra M. 2004. Project achievement reports: update, Nov. 2004, on demonstration of dust suppression technology to reduce occupational and environmental health hazards in stone crusher industries, a project study in Khurda. Orissa, India by JRP, VJSS (India) and OKI (USA).
Missanjo E, Ndalama E, Sikelo D, Kamanga-Thole G. 2015. Quarry dust emission effects on tree species diversity in Chongoni forest Reserve and vegetation characteristics in adjacent villages, Dedza, Malawi. International Journal of Information and Review 2, 511-515.
Mughal SA, Leghari SK, Achakzai AKK, Asrar M, Ismail T, Ponyzai MA, Rehman S. 2018. Effects of road side pollution on physio-morphology of apple (Malus pumila Miller) at District Kalat Balochistan Pakistan. International Journal of Biosciences 12, 334-345.
Ogunkunle CO, Suleiman LB, Oyedeji S, Awotoye OO, Fatoba PO. 2015. Assessing the air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of some tree species for biomonitoring environmental health. Agroforestry Systems 89, 447-454.
Olszyk DM. 1989. Mechanistic basis for the growth and yield effects of ambient ozone on Valencia oranges. Final Report for Project (A733-087).
Paulsamy S, Sivakumar R, Latha N. 2000. Evaluation of air pollution tolerant tree species in Coimbatore city. Journal of Ecological Research 1, 20-23.
Prajapati SK, Tripathi BD. 2008. Seasonal variation of leaf dust accumulation and pigment content in plant species exposed to urban particulates pollution. Journal of Environmental Quality 37, 865-870.
Preeti A. 2000. Study of leaf area damage of urban and rural environment in Agra. Acta. Ecologica. 22, 96-100.
Prusty BAK, Mishra PC, Azeez PA. 2005. Dust accumulation and leaf pigment content in vegetation near the national highway at Sambalpur, Orissa, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 60, 228-235.
Pyatt FB, Haywood WJ. 1989. Air borne particulate distributions and their accumulation in tree canopies. Nottingham UK. Environmentalist 9, 291-298.
Radoglou KM, Jarvis PG. 1990. Effects of CO2 enrichment on four poplar clones. I. Growth and leaf anatomy. Annals of Botany 65, 617-626.
Raina AK, Rathore V, Sharma A. 2008. Effect of stone crusher dust on leaves of Melia azedarach Linn. and DalbergiasissooRoxb. In Jammu (J&K). Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 7, 279.
Ravindran S. 2013. Stone crushers and dust problem. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research 14, 1734–1740.
Saha DC, Padhy PK. 2012. Effect of particulate pollution on rate of transpiration in Shorearobusta at Lalpahari forest. Trees 26, 1215–1223.
Saini Y, Bhardwaj N, Gautam R. 2011. Effect of marble dust on plants around Vishwakarma Industrial Area (VKIA) in Jaipur, India. Journal of Environmental Biology 32, 209-212.
Salisbury EJ. 1927. on the causes and ecological significance of stomatal frequency, with special reference to the woodland flora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B216, 1–65.
Saura-Mas S, Lloret F. 2007. Leaf and shoot water content and leaf dry matter content of Mediterranean woody species with different post-fire regenerative strategies. Annals of Botany 99, 545-554.
Semban T, Chandrasekhar S. 2000. Impact of crusher pollution on workers in Trichy. Environ People 7, 29.
Shafiq M, Iqbal MZ. 2003. Effects of automobile pollution on the phenology and periodicity of some roadside plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany 35, 931-938.
Shafiq M, Iqbal MZ, Athar M, Qayyum M. 2009. Effect of auto exhaust emission on the phenology of Cassia siamea and Peltophorum pterocarpum growing in different areas of Karachi. African Journal of Biotechnology 8(11).
Sharma AP, Tripathi BD. 2009. Biochemical responses in tree foliage exposed to coal-fired power plant emission in seasonally dry tropical environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 158, 197-212.
Sivacoumar R, Jayabalou R, Swarnalatha S, Balakrishnan K. 2006. Particulate matter from stone crushing industry: size distribution and health effects. Journal of Environmental Engineering 132, 405-414.
Wallenborn JG, Schladweiler MJ, Richards JH, Kodavanti UP. 2009. Differential pulmonary and cardiac effects of pulmonary exposure to a panel of particulate matter-associated metals. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 241, 71-80.
Muhammad Nasir Bazai, Saadullah Khan Leghari, Saeed-Ur-Rahman Kakar, Saeed Ahmad Mughal, Manzoor Iqbal Khatak, Mahjabeen Tafuzal (2020), Harmful effects of stone crushing dust pollution on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit plant; IJB, V17, N1, July, P24-34
https://innspub.net/harmful-effects-of-stone-crushing-dust-pollution-on-pomegranate-punica-granatum-l-fruit-plant/
Copyright © 2020
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0