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Harmful effects of stone crushing dust pollution on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit plant

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Research Paper 01/07/2020
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Harmful effects of stone crushing dust pollution on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit plant

Muhammad Nasir Bazai, Saadullah Khan Leghari, Saeed-Ur-Rahman Kakar, Saeed Ahmad Mughal, Manzoor Iqbal Khatak, Mahjabeen Tafuzal
Int. J. Biosci.17( 1), 24-34, July 2020.
Certificate: IJB 2020 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Physico-morphological contentsPunica granatum LStone dust

Abstract

This research was carried out on Punicagranitum L. grown near Abbaseen stone crushing plant at Kuchlak District Quetta of Balochistan, Pakistan. The investigation was aimed to understand the adverse effects of stone crushing dust pollution on morphological, physiological, growth, fruit quality and productivity of Punica granatum L.. The plants leaves and fruits were collected from three polluted sites with the distance of 200, 400 and 600 meters away from the stone crushing units respectively. Whereas a locality of 5000 meters away from stone crushing location comparatively clean air considered as a control sampling. Results showed that the dust load on the leaf surface was reported (1.16, 0.84, 0.62 and 0.13µg/cm2) at location 200, 400, 600 and 5000 m sites respectively. The site nearest (200 m) to the stone crushing units, contained highest dust amount showed significant destructive effects on the leaf physio-morphological characteristics, fruit yield and quality characteristics of Punica granatum L. The consequences of this study also revealed that a fine aerosol of stone dust is emitted from the crushing units has significantly effects on plant height (110.6-144 cm), Stem size (18.42-24.06cm) and tree canopy (108.6-142.0 cm2). Petiole length, leaf length, breadth and Leaf area near to the stone crushing units was found; 0.3-0.6 cm, 5.3-6.6 cm, 1.9-2.6cm and 6.2-7.2cm2. Leaf relative water content (41.83-75.23%) and Fruit Moisture Content (58.21-77.43%) was also noted significantly less at polluted site. More number of closed stomata/ cm2, decrease in photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance with an enhanced level of sub stomatal CO2 concentration was also reported near the crushing unit with respect to the control site. Results also showed less chlorophyll contents at polluted site. Number of fruits/tree and Fruit Size was also noted significantly low as compared to control site (5000 m). From the result it was concluded that the distance is directly proportional to the growth, yield, physiological and morphological characteristics of this plant.

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