Identification of management & conservation issues in built heritage (a case study of Zar Dheri Buddhist complex District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Paper Details
Identification of management & conservation issues in built heritage (a case study of Zar Dheri Buddhist complex District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Abstract
Zar Dheri Buddhist complex is one of the few sites systematically explored and scientifically excavated by professional archaeologists. The site is located to the right side of Shinkiari-Tambah road, a link road starting from the Karakuram Highway leading to Dadar and beyond. The site was for the first time documented by H. Hargreaves in 1922 (Hargreaves, 1923). It was later on excavated by the Tokyo National Museum Archaeological Mission (hereafter TNMAM) to Pakistan from 1995-99 in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology and Museums (henceforth DOAM), Government of Pakistan. These field investigations at the site revealed some remarkable discoveries including 146 stone sculptures/architectural elements, coins and ceramics. But the most important discovery revealed at the site was the exceptional cruciform stupa with flight of steps provided on each cardinal side (Yoshihide, 2011). This stupa has recently been declared as the earliest of all the cruciform stupas yet discovered from the entire South Asia (Hameed, 2018). But despite of its rich archaeological and historical potential, the site is constantly losing its authenticity due to natural disaster and human vandalism. The present study therefore aims to highlight the management issues and device mechanism to minimize the threats to the site.
Azeem A. 2002. Antique discovered from Zar Dheri (Shinkiari Hazara), Comparative Study of Sculptures Museum Journal National Museum of Pakistan (3), 66-67.
Barr S. 2006. The effects of climate change on cultural heritage in the Polar Regions. Heritage at Risk, p 203-205.
Bivar ADH. 1996. Zar-Dheri: An unrecorded Gandhara stupa and a possible provenance. South Asian Studies 12(1), p 139-145.
Colette A. 2007. Climate Change and World Heritage, World Heritage Centre UNESCO, Paris, France.
Dar SR. 2006. Historical Routes through Gandhara (Pakistan) 200 BC-200 AD, Lahore: Sang-e Meel Publications, p 180, Excavation Report of the Tokyo National Museum Archaeological Mission to Pakistan (1922-19923).
Farooq M, Hassan M, Gull F. 2015. Mycobial deterioration of stone monuments of Dharmarajika, Taxila. Journal of Microbiology and Experimentation (2), p 36.
Fitzsimmons T. 2001. Report of the Research Project on the Formation of Gandhara Buddhist Monastries carried out between 1992 and 1997 Under the Auspices of the Asian Atchaeology Section of the Koyoto University Institute for Research in Humanities (2), Institute for Research in Humanities, Koyoto University.
Fusey P, Hyvert G. 1966. Biological deterioration of stone monuments in Cambodia. Monograph of the Society for chemical industry 23, p 125-129.
Gul A, Alam J, Ahmad H, Irfan M. 2016. An updated checklist of Pteridophytes of district Mansehra, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Plant Science Today 3(2), p 237-247.
Hameed A. 2012. Archaeological Potential of Mansehra (A Case Study Based on Recent Exploration) (Unpublished MPhil Thesis). Hazara University Mansehra. Pakistan.
Hameed A. 2017. The Origin and Development of Cross-planned Stupa: New Perceptions based on Recent Discoveries from Bhamala. Gandhāran Studies 11, p 35-52.
Hameed A. 2018. An Analytical Study of the Archaeological Discoveries from Bhamala Taxila (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Hazara University Mansehra. Pakistan.
Hargreaves H. 1922-23. Zaro Dheri Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report 96-97.
Kaslegard AS. 2011. Climate change and cultural heritage in the Nordic countries. Nordic Council of Ministers.
Tiano P. 1998. Biodeterioration of Monumental rocks: decay mechanisms and control methods. Science and technology for cultural heritage 7(2), p. 19-38.
Tiano P. 2002. Biodegradation of cultural heritage: decay mechanisms and control methods. In Seminar article, New University of Lisbon, Department of Conservation and Restoration, p7-12.
Watson HD. 1908. Gazetteer of the Hazara District, 1907 Chatto & Windus (1), p 239.
Yoshihide K. 2009. The Finds From Zardheri, Buddhist Heritage of Pakistan: Legends, Monasteriese and Paradise, Exhibition hall in Bonn (Nov. 2008-March 2009) Berlin (April-August 2009), Zurich (Sept. 2009-Jan. 2010):Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, p 208-14.
Youshihide K. 2011. Zar Dheri: Archaeological Excavation of an Ancient Buddhist Site in Pakistan Tokyo, Tōkyō Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan.
Usman Khan, Abdul Hameed, Muhammad Sufyan, Muhammad Arif, Faisal Khan, Zubair Mustafa, Atta-e-Rabbi, Sajid khan, Naveed Hussain shah, Qazi Mazhar Hussain, Zeeshan khan (2018), Identification of management & conservation issues in built heritage (a case study of Zar Dheri Buddhist complex District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan); IJB, V13, N6, December, P82-94
https://innspub.net/identification-of-management-conservation-issues-in-built-heritage-a-case-study-of-zar-dheri-buddhist-complex-district-mansehra-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan/
Copyright © 2018
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0