Impacts of agricultural insecticide pressure on the frequency of L1014F and G119S mutations in Anopheles gambiae SL. in Benin, A public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa
Paper Details
Impacts of agricultural insecticide pressure on the frequency of L1014F and G119S mutations in Anopheles gambiae SL. in Benin, A public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of insecticidal pressure in agricultural environments on the frequency of L1014F and G119S mutations in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin. Three to five-day-old adult females from larval collections in areas with high and low chemical pesticide use against crop pests were exposed to papers impregnated with permethrin (0.75%), deltamethrin (0.05%), DDT (4%) and bendiocarb (0.1%) according to the WHO protocol. Survivors were stored at -20 degrees Celsius for the detection of L1014F and G119S mutations in Anopheles gambiae. The Kisumu strain was used as a control for comparison and areas without any insecticide input were chosen as control areas. Results from this study show that An. gambiae has developed a resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorine but susceptible to carbamate. The L1014F mutation was found with an average of 0.9 and 0.85 frequency in areas of high and low pesticide use, respectively. However, the G119S mutation was found but at low frequency (0.05) regardless of the mosquito’s collection. These findings suggested that insecticides pressure against crop pests seem to be one of the factors responsible for the emergence of resistance in An. gambiae populations. This would result in the development of high frequencies of the L1014F gene.
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