In vitro antifungal activity of Embelia schimperi (Vatke) and Conyza floribunda
Paper Details
In vitro antifungal activity of Embelia schimperi (Vatke) and Conyza floribunda
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate antifungal activity of 2 medicinal plants namely Embelia schimperi and Conyza floribunda used in Tanzania to treat infectious diseases. Micro-dilution method was used to evaluate antifungal activity of plant extracts against Cryptococcus neuformans and Candida albicans. The study revealed that tested extracts have different levels of antifungal activity with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) range of 0.78 mg/mL to >25 mg/mL. The Conyza floribunda root chloroform extract (CFRC) inhibited both C. albicans and C. neoformans at MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL. Conyza floribunda leaf ethyl acetate (CFLE) and Embelia schimperi stem methanolic extract (ESSM) exhibited antifungal activity at MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL against C. neoformans. The results obtained suggest that CFRC, CFLE and ESSM is a potential source of antifungal secondary metabolites.
Arot LOM, Williams LA. 1997. A flavonol glycoside from Embelia schimperi leaves. Phytochemistry 44(7), 1397-1398.
Brown GD, Denning DW, Gow NA, Levitz SM, Netea MG, White TC .2012. Hidden killers: human fungal infections. Science translational medicine, 4(165), 165rv13-165rv13. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3004404
Chepkwony KP, Ngari AG, Kipkemboi PK, Andrew AO, Kiprop A. 2011.Antimicrobial Activity of Emblem from Embelia shimperi and its Synthetic Derivatives. Journal of Agriculture, Pure and Aplied Science and Technology 7, 25-29.
Debebe Y, Tefera M, Mekonnen W, Abebe D, Woldekidan S, Abebe A, Belete Y, Menberu T, Belayneh B, Tesfaye B. 2015. Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Embelia schimperi Vatke in vivo and in vitro against some intestinal parasites. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 15(1), 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0711-7
Eggimann P, Garbino J, Pittet D. 2003. Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients. The Lancet infectious diseases 3(11), 685-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00801-6
Eliopoulos GM, Perea S, Patterson TF. 2002. Antifungal resistance in pathogenic fungi. Clinical Infectious Diseases 35(9), 1073-1080. https://doi.org/10.1086/344058
Eloff J. 1998. A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta medica 64(8), 711-713.
Jackson A, Hosseinipour MC. 2010. Management of cryptococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 7(3), 134-142.
Kiprono C, Midiwo J, Kipkemboi P, Ladogana S. 2004. Larvicidal benzoquinone from Embelia schimperi. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 18(1).
Kokwaro J. 1993. Medicinal plants of East Africa, East Africa Literature Bureau, Kampala, Nairobi, and Dar-es-Salaam.
Machocho AK, Kiprono PC, Grinberg S, Bittner S. 2003. Pentacyclic triterpenoids from Embelia schimperi. Phytochemistry 62(4), 573-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00619-2
Manguro L, Ogur JA, Opiyo SA. 2010. Antimicrobial Constituents of Conyza Floribunda 1(9). https://doi.org/10.9754/journal.wmc.2010.00842
Martins N, Ferreira IC, Barros L, Silva S, Henriques M. 2014. Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment. Mycopathologia 177 (5-6), 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-014-9749-1
WHO. 2014. Antimicrobial resistance: Global report on surveillance: World Health Organization.
Park BJ, Wannemuehler KA, Marston BJ, Govender N, Pappas PG, Chiller TM. 2009. Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS. Aids 23(4), 525-530.
Perfect JR, Cox GM. 1999. Drug resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans. Drug resistance updates 2(4), 259-269. molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences. The Lancet infectious diseases 2(2), 73-85.
Sloan DJ, Parris V. 2014. Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology and therapeutic options. Clinical epidemiology 6, 169.
Stevens DA. 2002. Diagnosis of fungal infections: current status. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 49( 1), 11-19.
Shah NZ, Muhammad N, Azeem S, Khan AZ, Samie M, Khan H. 2013. Antimicrobial and phytotoxic properties of Conyza bonariensis. Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research 1(1), 8-11.
Vázquez-González D, Perusquía-Ortiz AM, Hundeiker M, Bonifaz A. 2013. Opportunistic yeast infections: candidiasis, cryptococcosis, trichosporonosis and geotrichosis. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11(5), 381-394.
Walsh T, Groll A. 1999. Emerging fungal pathogens: evolving challenges to immunocompromised Patients for the twenty-first century. Transplant infectious disease 1(4), 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3062.1999.010404.x
Warnock D. 2004. Emerging fungal diseases. Paper presented at: 42nd Annual Meeting. Idsa.
Elibariki Eliangilisa Kowero, Cecilia Leweri, Musa Chacha, 2018. In vitro antifungal activity of Embelia schimperi (Vatke) and Conyza floribunda. Int. J. Biosci., 13(3), 45-50.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.