Incidence of intestinal protozoan infection in the children of urban and pre-urban areas of Quetta district
Paper Details
Incidence of intestinal protozoan infection in the children of urban and pre-urban areas of Quetta district
Abstract
The current study was conducted during June 2018 to May 2019 in rural and pre-urban areas of Quetta district to examine the incidence of intestinal protozoan parasitic infections. In this study the children were divided into three age groups ranging from 1-5, 6-12 and 13 to18 years. A total number of 806 stool samples were collected from different parts of Quetta district and analyzed in the pathological laboratories. The stool samples were examined microscopically by using iodine and saline solutions to identify cyst and trophozoite stages of protozoa respectively.The Overall incidence of intestinal protozoan parasites was 340(42.2 %). While 3 species ofprotozoa Giardia lamblia, Entamoebahistolyticaand Entamoebacoli were detected with incidence rate of 160(19.8%), 128(15.9 %) and 52 (6.5 %) respectively. The infection rate was observed higher 197(24.4 %) in the age group of 6-12 years followed by 121(15 %) in age group (13-18 years).While children of age group 1-5 years noted the lowest infection rate of 22 (2.7 %).Gender wise infection rate was found higher in male 202(25.1 %) than the in females 138 (17.1 %), this difference was statistically significant. While 5 ethnic groups were determine and observed the highest infection rate in Balochi children96 (12 %) followed by Pathan92 (11.4 %), Sindhi 76 (9.4 %), Punjabi 64 (7.9%) and lowest in Hazara 12 (1.5 %). In the urban population, the Protozoan parasites were found in 129(37.9) % of fecal specimens. Giardia lamlia ,Entamoebahistolyticaand E.coli were the commonest organisms representing 66(8.2%), 43(5.3%) and20(2.5%) respectively, of the overall prevalence rates in the urban population. In the rural population, parasites were observed in 211(26.2%) of fecal specimens. Infection with Giardia lamlia was highest 94(11.7%), followed byEntamobahistolytica with 85(10.6%) and with Entamoeba coli was32 (4%) respectively.
Abdullah I, Tak H, Ahmad F, Gul N, Nabi S, Sofi TA. 2017. Predominance of gastrointestinal protozoan parasites in children: A brief review. Journal of Health Education Research and Development 4(4).
Akhund AA. 1994. Frequency and pattern of pathogenic intestinal parasites in Nawabshah, Sindh. Pakistan Journal of Pathology (5), 39-42.
Ansari MAR, Sapru ZA. 1966. Intestinal parasite infections in children of a primary school of Lahore; preliminary survey. Pakistan Journal of public Health 14, 87.
Ansari MAR, Naru NA. 1968. Some incoming intestinal parasites of Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Medicine Research (7), p 138.
Baqai R, Zuberi S. 1986. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in diarrhealpatients. JPMA. (36), 11-13.
Bilqees FM, Khan A, Ahmed A. 1982. A survey of intestinal protozoan and helminth parasites in Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Medicine Research (21), 54-58.
Brooker S, Kabatereine NB, Smith JL, Mupfasoni D, Mwanje MT, Ndayishimiye O, Muchiri E. 2009. An updated atlas of human helminth infections: the example of East Africa. International journal of health geographic 8(1), 42.
Census. 2017. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics House, 21-Mauve Area, G-9/1, Islamabad, Pakistan, p 31.
Chacon-Cruz E, Mitchell D. 2003. Intestinal protozoal diseases. Medicine Journal 3(5), 1-11.
Ghuari AS, Alam M. 1992. The pattern of pathogenic intestinal parasites in Sarghoda area: A Comparative study. Pakistan Journal of Pathology 3, 99-01.
Luong TV. 2003. De-worming school children and hygiene intervention. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 13(1), 153-159.
Mehraj V, Hatcher J, Akhtar S, Rafique G, Beg MA. 2008. Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among children in an urban slum of Karachi. PloS one 3(11).
Neelofer S, Bilqees FM, Hadi R, Zaidi VA, Ida AN. 2006. A record of intestinal Parasitic Infections from ehsanullah Diagnostic Laboratory, Nazimabad, Karachi. Inst. Baqai Medical University 9(2), 29-36.
Nokes C, Bundy DAP. 1994. Does helminth infection affect mental processing and educational achievement? Parasitology today 10(1), 14-18.
Pal RA, Rana RA. 1983. Incidence of Intestinal Protozoan parasites of man in the twin cities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association (33), 156-161.
Pal RA, Subhani F. 1989. Prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites in primary school children of Dir District (NWFP). Pakistan Journal of Science & Technology 13, 99-102.
Qureshi AH, Karamat KA, Qamar RH, Malik IA. 1992. Intestinal parasitic infections in Rawalpindi -Islamabad area.A study of 12640 stool samples. Pakistan Journal of Pathology (3), 37-39.
Ravdin JI. 1995. Amebiasis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 20(6), 1453-1464.
Swanson SJ, Phares CR, Mamo B, Smith KE, Cetron M, Sand Stauffer WM. 2012. Albendazole therapy and enteric parasites in United States–bound refugees. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(16), 1498-1507.
Siddiqui MN, Bano L. 1979. Observation on parasitic infections in school children of Peshawar. Pakistan Journal of Zoology (11), 113 p.
Siddiqui MI, Bilqees F, MIliyas M, Perveen S. 2002. Prevalence of parasitic infections in a rural area of Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 52(52), 315-320.
Shaikh GSH, arani MS, Rathi SL, Khatri PR, Harani PK. 2000. Pattern of intestinal parasitic infestation in Larkana. Proc. Parasitol (29), 61-66.
Shaikh GS, Shaikh R, Shaikh AH. 2003. Intestinal parasitic infections in the population of Shikarpur, Sindh. Proc. Parasitol (36), 59-67.
Mehmood T Gohar R, Muhammad H. 2009. Frequency of giardiasis in acute and chronic diarrhoeal cases. Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute 23(1), 14-17.
Wadood A, Bari Rhman A, Khawaja Q. 2005. Frequency of intestinal parasite infestation in Children Hospital Quetta. Pakistan journal of medical research 44(2), 87-8.
Waqar SN, Hussain H, Khan Khwaja A, Majid H, Malik S, Nadeem T, Beg MA. 2003. Intestinal Parasitic Infections in children from Northern Pakistan, the Journal of infectious Diseases 12(3), 73-74.
WHO. 1987. Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 749, 1-86.
WHO. 2014. Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis: Estimates of the Number of Children Needing Preventive Chemotherapy and Number Treated, 2009. Weekly Epidemiology Record 25(86), 257 –268.
Asia Ali, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar, Syed Inamullah, Syed Akhtar Muhammad, 2020. Incidence of intestinal protozoan infection in the children of urban and pre-urban areas of Quetta district. Int. J. Biosci., 16(5), 54-59.
Copyright © 2020 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.